OBJECTIVES To determine whether continuous waking day dopaminergic stimulation with the dopamine agonist apomorphine can reduce levodopa induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease METHODS 19 patients with severe unpredictable refractory motor fluctuations and functionally disabling levodopa induced dyskinesias were treated with continuous subcutaneous apomorphine monotherapy for a minimum dur...

OBJECTIVE To define the reason why two teams using the same procedure and the same target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) obtained different results on levodopa induced dyskinesias, whereas in both, parkinsonian tremor was improved or totally suppressed. METHODS Deep brain stimulation can replace lesions in the surgical treatment of abnormal movements. After 10 years of experience with DBS i...

Fifteen of 23 pathologically confirmed cases of multiple system atrophy (MSA) showed some initial response to levodopa and eight of these remained at least partially responsive at the time of death. Eleven developed motor oscillations, and drug-induced dyskinesias, often involving the face and jaw, were also seen in 11 cases. Acute levodopa and apomorphine challenges were administered to 11 pat...

The development of dyskinesias following chronic L-DOPA replacement therapy remains a major problem in the long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of IRC-082451 (base of BN82451), a novel multitargeting hybrid molecule, on L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) and hypolocomotor activity in a non-human primate model of PD. IRC-082451 displays multiple pr...

Two young children, 5 and 30 months of age, developed acute transient dyskinesias. The novel features of these patients were classic orobuccal-lingual dyskinesias, their young ages, and the association with asthma and theophylline. The movements resembled tardive dyskinesias of older patients on neuroleptics, but neither patient had any exposure to neuroleptic drugs. Choreiform movements were m...

BACKGROUND Dyskinesias are a frequent adverse effect of long-term levodopa therapy. The relative contribution of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptor function to the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesias remains a matter of controversy. OBJECTIVE To establish whether a selective D(1) dopamine agonist induces more or less dyskinesia than levodopa in primed dyskinetic patients with Parkins...

INTRODUCTION Patients with Parkinson s disease are known to develop motor complications after a few years of therapy. Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias develop with increasing severity of disease, and were formerly thought to be an inevitable consequence of the disease. METHODS Literature review of articles on the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson s disease, the mechanisms underlying the develo...

Clozapine reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa)-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian patients. To test if the antidyskinetic effect of clozapine is related to antagonism at the dopamine D(4) receptor, we investigated the effect of 8-methyl-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1, 4]benzodiazepine (JL-18), a structural analog of clozapine which is more selective for this receptor. ...

Drug-induced dyskinesias in dopamine-denervated animals are known to depend on both pre- and postsynaptic changes of the nigrostriatal circuitry. In lesion models used thus far, changes occur in both of these compartments and, therefore, it has not been possible to dissect the individual contribution of each compartment in the pathophysiology of dyskinesias. Here we silenced the nigrostriatal d...

BACKGROUND Dyskinesias are some of the major motor complications that impair quality of life for patients with Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of amantadine in Parkinson's disease patients suffering from dyskinesias. METHODS In this multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial, 36 patients with Parkinson's d...