Tardive dyskinesia may be associated with cognitive dysfunction. It is not clear whether this dysfunction occurs in the form of a global or specific cognitive deficit. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a well-defined catchment area (Curaçao, The Netherlands Antilles). All schizophrenic inpatients who had been taking neuroleptic medication for at least 3months and who were younger than 65...

Two psychiatric patients developed moderate or severe oro-facial dyskinesia, and limb dyskinesia, at a relatively young age and within a year of starting antipsychotic drug-treatment. This early appearance of tardive dyskinesia was preceded by akathisia that had developed at the beginning of drug therapy and persisted, despite the reduction of their drug doses to maintenance levels. The possibi...

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of scapular dyskinesia on core strength and upper extremity dynamic balance. 
 Materials Methods: The included 49 volunteer participants who were active volleyball or basketball players at XX University Faculty Sport Sciences. presence in was assessed with Lateral Scapular Slide Test; Modified Side Plank Test Biering-Sorenson and, balance ev...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on levodopa-induced peak-dose dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent STN DBS for PD from May 2000 to July 2012. Only patients with levodopa-induced dyskinesia prior to surgery and more than 1 year...

Fifty four patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa therapy were studied. Thirty three of these patients displayed peak-dose dyskinesia. Neither the duration of Parkinson's disease nor the duration of levodopa therapy discriminated between patients with and patients without peak-dose dyskinesia. Consequently, these criteria could not determine whether the first appearance...

Dopamine agonists such as pramipexole (PPX) have first been proposed as adjunctive treatment to levodopa (L-DOPA) for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and then as a monotherapy alternative to alleviate dyskinesia. Treatment with PPX has overall been associated with improvement in parkinsonian symptoms. Although the majority of placebo-controlled studies demonstrated that dyskinesia was mo...

L-DOPA is still regarded as the standard pharmacotherapy for the treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the efficacy of this drug is limited by the emergence of dystonic and choreic involuntary movements, generally referred to as dyskinesia. Current interventions to treat dyskinesia are mainly based on continuous delivery of L-DOPA, administration of glutamatergic...

In recent years, a few of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about amantadine for treating dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) were completed. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review about the clinical research to provide the updated evidence for treating dyskinesia. Electronic search of Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and other databases up to May 2016 for relevant studies was...

Aims and objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of abnormal involuntary movement in never medicated patients with schizophrenia and to find its relation with demographic variables, and with the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia; this study also aims to assess the topography of the dyskinesia. Methodology: Socio-demographic data of 100 consecutively selected patients ...

Background: Recent short-term studies suggested that amantadine (Ama) might ameliorate dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. A double-blind study programmed over 12 months was designed to assess the duration of the antidyskinetic effect of amantadine on levodopa induced dyskinesia. Methods: 40 patients treated for 7.5 (2.2) years with levodopa (729.3 (199.4) mg/day) and dopaminoagoni...