OBJECTIVE The normal diameter of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) in children has been poorly studied. Prior studies have enrolled small subject numbers, have studied only specific pediatric age groups, or have potential bias due to loosely defined exclusion criteria. We sought to establish parameters for the normal diameter of the EHD in children from birth to late adolescence, including prema...

In the present study we propose a charge-conservative scheme to solve twophase electrohydrodynamic (EHD) problems using the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method. EHD problems are usually simplified by assuming that the fluids involved are purely dielectric (insulators) or purely conducting. Gases can be considered as perfect insulators but pure dielectric liquids do not exist in nature and insulating l...

Induction electrohydrodynamics (EHD) has been investigated as a possible means of pumping liquids through microchannel heat sinks for cooling microprocessors. A pump utilizing induction EHD has been microfabricated and tested. The experimental results matched the predictions from correlations to within 30%. Based on this, a micropump has been designed which is miniaturizable to a level where it...

Retrograde trafficking mediates the transport of endocytic membranes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Dysregulation of these pathways can result in multiple ailments, including late-onset Alzheimer disease. One of the key retrograde transport regulators, the retromer complex, is tightly controlled by many factors, including the C-terminal Eps15 homology domain (EHD) proteins. Th...

Capillary electrophoresis techniques often involve ion-concentration shock waves in an electrolyte solution, propagating under the effect of an external electric field. These shock waves are characterized by self-sharpening gradients in ion concentrations and electrical conductivity that are collinear with the electric field. The coupling of electric field and fluid motion at the shock interfac...

Energy consumption index is one of the most important criteria for judging about new, and emerging drying technologies. One of such novel and promising alternative of drying process is called electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying. In this work, a solar energy was used to maintain required energy of EHD drying process. Moreover, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to build a predictive model ...

Electro hydro dynamic (EHD) and electrostatic propulsion devices were developed in the 1920s by Thomas Townsend Brown. One such device, called a “lifter”, has no moving parts and, in the air, operates on electrical energy. It is a fashionable device and has a very simple structure, basically consisting of a narrow wire electrode and a large, flat one. However, it has a low ratio of propulsion f...

We proposed a fabrication method of the patterned retarder based on the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) instability. The anisotropic flow of the liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) film enables a net force induced by utilizing the distorted electric field. The patterned retarder based on the EHD instability has simple process with an easy control of the phase retardation and no residual LCP. Therefore, ...

DNA-assisted Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between an anthracene-based cyclophane (CP) and mono- and bis-intercalators such as propidium iodide (PI) and ethidium homodimer-1 (EHD), respectively, has been studied using various photophysical and biophysical techniques. The cyclophane and PI exhibited simultaneous binding to DNA at all concentrations studied and showed DNA-assisted FRET...

In this paper, we present the development of a sharp numerical scheme for multiphase electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows for a high electric Reynolds number regime. The electric potential Poisson equation contains EHD interface boundary conditions, which are implemented using the ghost fluid method (GFM). The GFM is also used to solve the pressure Poisson equation. The methods detailed here are int...