purpose the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ramadan fasting on circulating levels of interleukin-12 (il-12) after a brief maximal exercise. methods nine subjects performed a wingate test on three different occasions: (i) the first week of ramadan (1wr), (ii) the fourth week of ramadan (4wr), and (iii) three weeks after ramadan (ar). blood samples were taken before, immediate...

background: fatty acids are an important source of energy for muscle contraction, particularly during longtime exercise. the objective of this clinical trail study was to determination effect of heparin infusion on lipids metabolism during submaximal exercise. methods: forty boy students performed astrand ergometery protocol for 20-minute on cycle ergometer in two separate occasions. stage1 wit...

We studied the effect of nearest pattern interaction on a global pattern formation in a two-dimensional space, where patterns are to grow initially from a noise in the presence of a periodic supply of energy. Although our approach is general, we found that this study is relevant in particular to the pattern formation on a periodically vibrated granular layer, as it gives a unified perspective o...

the purpose of present study was to examine the effect of caffeine consumption on substrate metabolism and time to exhaustion during exercise and one hour after exercise in athletic female. eleven female athlete students (age 23±1.54 years, body weight 56.09±5.99 kg, and aerobic power 40.21±1.01ml/kg/min) volunteered and were randomly divided into three groups of control,placebo (starch capsule...

The ability of Gaussian noise to induce ordered states in dynamical systems is here presented in an overview of the main stochastic mechanisms able to generate spatial patterns. These mechanisms involve: (i) a deterministic local dynamics term, accounting for the local rate of variation of the field variable, (ii) a noise component (additive or multiplicative) accounting for the unavoidable env...

Localized ecological interactions can generate striking large-scale spatial patterns in ecosystems through spatial self-organization. Possible mechanisms include oscillating consumer-resource interactions, localized disturbance-recovery processes and scale-dependent feedback. Despite abundant theoretical literature, studies revealing spatial self-organization in real ecosystems are limited. Rec...