We studied selection by predators for cryptic prey coloration in a visually heterogeneous habitat that consists of two microhabitats. It has been suggested that the probability of escaping detection in such habitats might be optimized by maximizing crypsis in one of the microhabitats. However, a recent model indicates that a coloration that compromises the requirements of different microhabitat...

I review the evidence that organisms have adaptations that confer difficulty of detection by predators and parasites that seek their targets primarily using sensory systems other than vision. In other words, I will answer the question of whether crypsis is a concept that can usefully be applied to non-visual sensory perception. Probably because vision is such an important sensory system in huma...

Müllerian mimicry, in which toxic species gain mutual protection from shared warning signals, is poorly understood in vertebrates, reflecting a paucity of examples. Indirect evidence for mimicry is found if monophyletic species or clades show parallel geographic variation in warning patterns. Here, we evaluate a hypothesis of Müllerian mimicry for the pitvipers in Southeast Asia using a phyloge...

Our overall goal is to understand the perceptual and mechanistic principles that underlay camouflage framed in the context of the animals' environment. In particular, we hope to characterize and understand the perceptual abilities of several species of benthic and pelagic cephalopods, the aspects of their optical environment that affect their camouflage behavior, the characterization of that be...

Vertical root fracture(VRF) is one of the common reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth. Though many options of saving such teeth were available, they were not of much success. Therefore the objective of this article is to discuss one such case. A 50 year old male patient reported with Vertical root fracture and 15 mm of periodontal probing depth in the distal aspect of 14. Radi...

AIM Aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the resistance to fracture of vertically fractured and reattached fragments bonded with fiber-reinforced composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canals of 45 teeth were prepared, and the teeth were intentionally fractured into two separate fragments. Control groups (n = 15 each) consisted unfractured teeth with instrumented and obturated. Fracture...

OBJECTIVE To determine the degree of cure of a light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) under molar bands compared with a light-cured resin and a dual-cured resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3 cements used were Fuji Ortho LC, Eagle Spectrum resin, and Variolink II dual-cure. Each sample was indirectly light cured for 20 seconds (10 seconds occlusally, 10 seconds cervically) under sectio...

afinite element model is developed for simulation of the curing process of a thick axisymmetric rubber article reinforced by metal plates during the molding and cooling stages. the model consists of the heat transfer equation and a newly developed kinetics model for the determination of the state of cure in the rubber. the latter is based on the modification of the well-known kamal-sourour mode...