Cocaine opens the blood-brain barrier by deregulating transcription of target genes. Here we show that cocaine at blood concentrations in drug abusers disrupts endothelial cell junctions in parallel with signaling by phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase and myosin light chain. Cocaine effects may be important in vivo since the neurons of ...

BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated genetic and environmental influences on abuse of individual substances, but there is less known about how these factors may influence the co-occurrence of abuse of different illicit drugs. METHODS We studied 3372 male twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. They were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, Revised ...

Modern imaging techniques enable researchers to observe drug actions and consequences as they occur and persist in the brains of abusing and addicted individuals. This article presents the five most commonly used techniques, explains how each produces images, and describes how researchers interpret them. The authors give examples of key findings illustrating how each technique has extended and ...

Drug courts are popular for dealing with drug-abusing offenders. However, relatively little is known about participant characteristics that reliably predict either success or failure in these treatment settings. In this article, we report on 99 individuals who were enrolled in a drug court program (approximately one-half of whom successfully completed the program). Using, logistic regression te...

white-collar criminals are those who abusing their official occupations commit profitable, nonviolent crimes. the most important manifestations of white collar crimes are: fraud, corruption (including bribery), employment offences, consumer offences, drug and food offences, environmental crimes, cyber crimes, and customs offences. some manifestations of white collar crime have direct victims so...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety (GAD) increases further morbidity mortality of patients with retroviral disease (RVD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence contributing factors MDD GAD. The symptoms were screened using Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), GAD was diagnosed Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). 27(12.9%) had 28(13.0%) include ...