Draught animals have not been used to any great extent in agriculture in the developed countries since the introduction of tractor power in the 1930s and the rapid expansion of agricultural mechanization over the succeeding decades. In the Third World, however, draught-animal power continues to make an important contribution to rural and urban economies. In fields that tractors cannot reach, su...

the next most important and are found mainly in Asia, particularly in the wetter, more humid areas. Donkeys, camels, horses, mules, yaks, llamas, and even sheep and goats are also used for work in a variety of different operations from transport and cultivation to harvest operations and water lifting. Animal power probably makes its greatest contribution in agriculture although animal use for t...

In fifty developing countries, which contain half of the total human population of the world, there is a heavy dependence on draught animals as an energy source. These animals are used for agriculture operations in 52% of cultivated areas of the world, as well as for hauling 25 million carts. This situation is likely to continue for at least another fifty years. The work performed annually by t...

mutannabi the well-known arab poet has dedicated many lines of his poetry to describing animals directly or indirectly. among the animals to whichmutanabbi has paid attention the horse has a very special status. most of the lines in which he has in some way described horses or horse riders are the lines about fights and battles in which the poet depicts the victories and bravery of the courageo...

This paper presents and analyses results from experimental and CFD work undertaken on a 24 kW domestic natural-draught gas fired boiler. The effect of chimney height on boiler flue gases is being considered to address the need for increasing concern over environmental safety as well as saving of energy. A multi-component analysis computer (DELTA 2000 CD) is used to analyze the flue gases. 3D nu...

Background The Hungarian draft is a horse breed with a recent mixed ancestry created in the 1920s by crossing local mares with draught horses imported from France and Belgium. The interest in its conservation and characterization has increased over the last few years. The aim of this work is to contribute to the characterization of the endangered Hungarian heavy draft horse populations in order...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The extent to which variability affects endoscopic grading of arytenoid cartilage movement is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine the observer and within horse variability of grading arytenoid cartilage movement in horses during resting endoscopic examination, using a 7-grade system. METHODS Endoscopic recordings of the upper respiratory tract made at rest in 270 ...