Recent evidence suggests that substance P (SP) is up-regulated in primary sensory neurons following axotomy and that this change occurs in larger neurons that do not usually produce SP. If this is so, then the up-regulation may allow normally neighboring, uninjured, and nonnociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to become effective in activating pain pathways. By using immunohistochemist...

OBJECTIVE Erythropoietin (EPO) treatment has become the standard treatment of renal anemia. Though a link between hematopoiesis-stimulating drugs and thrombosis has not been proven, it is generally assumed that systemic application of EPO and its analogues increases the risk for thrombotic events. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we show in C57BL/6J mice that 4-week treatment with the long-lasting EP...

BACKGROUND Recently, BRAF inhibitors showed dramatic treatment outcomes in BRAF V600 mutant melanoma. Therefore, the accuracy of BRAF mutation test is critical. METHODS BRAF mutations were tested by dual-priming oligonucleotide-polymerase chain reaction (DPO-PCR), direct sequencing and subsequently retested with a real-time PCR assay, cobas 4800 V600 mutation test. In total, 64 tumors includi...

BACKGROUND The erythropoiesis-stimulating agents epoetin alfa (EPO) and darbepoetin alfa (DPO) effectively treat the anemia that occurs in most patients undergoing hemodialysis. Published studies indicate that these 2 agents have similar efficacy and safety outcomes, but their relative costs in actual practice in Canada have not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVES To determine the relative u...

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) (osteotomy of the ilium and pubis) to treat clinical cases of hip dyplasia in young dogs instead of performing a triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) (osteotomy of the ilium, pubis, and ischium). Candidates for DPO were 4.5- to nine-month-old dogs with coxofemoral joint subluxation and laxity, indicat...

For terminating double-pushout (DPO) graph rewriting systems confluence is, in general, undecidable. We show that confluence is decidable for an extension of DPO rewriting to graphs with interfaces. This variant is important due to it being closely related to rewriting of string diagrams. We show that our result extends, under mild conditions, to decidability of confluence for terminating rewri...

This paper proposes a new hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) form termed as DC-biased pulse amplitude modulated optical OFDM (DPO-OFDM) by combining the ideas of existing (DCO-OFDM) and discrete multitone (PAM-DMT). The analysis indicates that required DC-bias for DPO-OFDM-based light fidelity (LiFi) depends on dimming level components DPO-OFDM. bit error rate (BER) perfor...

Subobject transformation systems (sts) are proposed as a novel formal framework for the analysis of derivations of transformation systems based on the algebraic, double-pushout (dpo) approach. They can be considered as a simplified variant of dpo rewriting, acting in the distributive lattice of subobjects of a given object of an adhesive category. This setting allows for a direct analysis of al...

Introduction Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)2 and Darbepoetin-alpha (DPO)3 are genetically engineered protein-based drugs used for the treatment of anemia by stimulating red blood cell production. The ability of these agents to stimulate red blood cell production has led to use and abuse by human and equine athletes and, thus, violates the rule of fair competition resulting in their cl...

A Dynamic Positioning (DP) system enables vessels and rigs to accurately maintain a predetermined position heading or track. It precise operations under harsh environmental conditions. DP is used for variety of purposes; however, the role operator (DPO) considered same regardless type operation: monitor keep vessel in position. Some decisions that DPO makes are safety critical, example, about s...