In this paper, we analyze the generalized self-shrinking generator newly proposed in [8]. Some properties of this generator are described and an equivalent definition is derived, after which two attacks are developed to evaluate its security. The first attack is an improved clock-guessing attack using short keystream with the filter function (vector G) known. The complexity of this attack is O(...

Text by Hema Bashyam [email protected] Skin-based immunity W hen skin cells are hit by a blast of UV light, they instruct dendritic cells (DCs) to suppress immunity system-wide, say Karin Loser, Stefan Beissert (University of Münster, Münster, Germany), and colleagues. UV has the unusual ability to cause immunosuppression by recruiting T regulatory cells (T regs). UV has thus been used t...

Symmetry plays an important role in optimization. The usual approach to cope with symmetry in discrete optimization is to try to eliminate it by introducing artificial symmetry-breaking conditions into the problem, and/or by using an ad-hoc search strategy. In this paper we argue that symmetry is instead a beneficial feature that we should preserve and exploit as much as possible, breaking it o...

the direct sulfation of three high purity iranian limestones and one precipitated calcium carbonate from different sources, containing more than 97 % caco3, were studied in a specially designed fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure, in the presence of excess co2 to prevent decomposition of caco3. experiments were carried out over a range of particle sizes from 1.6-2.5  mm at four tempera...

Shrinking and swelling play important roles in the utilization and seasoning of wood. The mechanics of shrinking and swelling and the influence of wood structure are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the variability of shrinking and swelling, and the chief reasons for variability. The effects of shrinking and swelling on wood during seasoning and in use are discussed, along with methods of minim...

Assignment stack shrinking is a technique that is intended to speed up the performance of modern complete SAT solvers. Shrinking was shown to be efficient in SAT’04 competition winners Jerusat and Chaff. However, existing studies lack the details of the shrinking algorithm. In addition, shrinking’s performance was not tested in conjunction with the most modern techniques. This paper provides a ...

Tree-based models provide an alternative to linear models for classification and regression data. They are used primarily for exploratory analysis of complex data or as a diagnostic tool following a linear model analysis. They are also used as the end product in certain applications, such as speech recognition, medical diagnoses, and other instances where repeated fast classifications are requi...

We study the shrinking and separation properties (two notions well-known in descriptive set theory) for NP and coNP and show that under reasonable complexity-theoretic assumptions, both properties do not hold for NP and the shrinking property does not hold for coNP. In particular we obtain the following results. 1. NP and coNP do not have the shrinking property, unless PH is finite. In general,...