We determined with anisotropic hypernetted chain theory the effective pressure and counterion excess of two oppositely charged surfaces immersed in an electrolyte solution. These thermodynamic properties are enhanced in surfaces with evenly smeared surface charges with respect to those containing confined mobile charges. For low surface charges and moderate reservoir salt concentration ions are...

This paper contains an overview of certain sheath phenomena, namely the criterion for sheath formation, some examples of double layers and a description of some recent experiments on the suspension ofdust particles in a sheath. A detailed review is not attempted and results obtained at Oxford are used to illustrate the last two topics.

A model describing the electric double layers in clay-electrolyte systems containing particles with different surface charge densities was developed and used to calculate the film thickness of water present in a clay paste. The average water film thicknesses (-18/~) calculated by considering the clay to contain 9 groups of particles of different charge densities did not differ from those calcul...

This review summarizes and assesses recent theoretical and experimental advances, with special emphasis on the effective interaction between charge-stabilized colloids, in the bulk or in confined geometries, and on the ambiguities of defining an effective charge of the colloidal particles. Some consideration is given to the often neglected discrete solvent effects.

The effect of applied voltage V on local thickness fluctuations (LTF) in lipid bilayers is examined using the continuum model and accounting for non-locality of membrane elastic moduli. Ponderomotive forces, calculated from the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation, reduce LTF energy quadratically with V . Combined with a significant increase in the apex field gradient and perturbation of lipid...