Acquiring the raindrop size distribution (DSD) from radar data is still a challenge. For profiling radar, this distribution can be estimated from the Doppler spectra. However the Doppler spectrum is not a direct measure of the DSD. The radial component of the wind shifts the Doppler spectrum related to the raindrop size distribution along the Doppler velocity interval. Furthermore, the Doppler ...

Table of contents 1 . Introduction 2 . Absorption and transmission of monochromatic radiation 3 . Black Body radiation 4 . Emissivity, Kirchhoff Law and Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium. 5 . The equation for Radiative Transfer 6 . Spectral distribution of radiance leaving the atmosphere 7 . Modelling the interaction 7.1 The molecule as a rigid quantized rotator. 7.2 The molecule as a quantized...

The broadening and shift of the 535.0 nm thallium line resulting from the photodissociation of thallium iodide perturbed by helium, neon and argon were investigated at low densities using a photoelectric Fabry-Perot interferometer. The Doppler and collision broadening components of the line profiles have been determined. Linear variations of both the Lorentzian half-width and the shift of the l...

Velocity modulation spectroscopy has been investigated in the terahertz region, employing pure rotational transitions of ArH and rotation-tunneling transitions of H3O + to study the competition between pressure broadening and Doppler broadening on the lineshapes, neutral suppression, and modulation efficiency. Velocity modulation is demonstrated to be effective to frequencies as low as 60 cm , ...

Table of contents 1 . Introduction 2 . Absorption and transmission of monochromatic radiation 3 . Black Body radiation 4 . Emissivity, Kirchhoff Law and Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium. 5 . The equation for Radiative Transfer 6 . Spectral distribution of radiance leaving the atmosphere 7 . Modelling the interaction 7.1 The molecule as a rigid quantized rotator. 7.2 The molecule as a quantized...

We report the first path-length-resolved perfusion measurements on human skin measured with a phase-modulated low-coherence Mach-Zehnder interferometer with spatially separated fibers for illumination and detection. Optical path lengths of Doppler shifted and unshifted light and path-length-dependent Doppler broadening of multiply scattered light from skin are measured from the Doppler broadene...