نتایج جستجو برای: dopaminergic
تعداد نتایج: 20033 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The differentiation of dopaminergic neurons requires concerted action of morphogens and transcription factors acting in a precise and well-defined time window. Very little is known about the potential role of microRNA in these events. By performing a microRNA-mRNA paired microarray screening, we identified miR-34b/c among the most upregulated microRNAs during dopaminergic differentiation. Inter...
Disruption of dopamine homeostasis may lead to dopaminergic neuron degeneration, a proposed explanation for the specific vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. While expression of human alpha-synuclein in C. elegans results in dopaminergic neuron degeneration, the effects of alpha-synuclein on dopamine homeostasis and its contribution to dopaminergic neuron degeneration i...
The vertebrate diencephalic A11 system provides the sole dopaminergic innervation of hindbrain and spinal cord and has been implicated in modulation of locomotion and sensory processes. However, the exact contributions of sensory stimuli and motor behavior to A11 dopaminergic activity remain unclear. We recorded cellular calcium activity in four anatomically distinct posterior tubercular A11-ty...
Cholinergic and dopaminergic projections to the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are both involved in cognitive functions including attention. These neuronal systems modulate mPFC neuronal activity mainly through diffuse transmission. In order to better understand the anatomical level of influence of these systems, confocal microscopy with triple-fluorescent immunolabeling was used in three ...
Dopaminergic differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) gains more and more attention worldwide owing to its potential use for neurorestorative therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The conventional 2D cell culture on petri dishes with various animal derived substrata such as collagen gels, laminin, and Matrigel is widely used to induce dopaminergic differentiation and it may li...
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the preferential loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). One of the earliest detectable biochemical alterations that occurs in the Parkinsonian brain is a marked reduction in SN levels of total glutathione (glutathione plus glutathione disulfide), occurring before losses in mitochondrial complex I (...
The physiological and pharmacological properties of dopaminergic neurons in the brain are of major interest. Although much has been learned from cell culture studies, the physiological properties of these neurons remain difficult to study in such models because they are usually in minority and are difficult to distinguish from other non-dopaminergic neurons. Here we have taken advantage of a re...
The thalamus relays information to the cerebral cortex from subcortical centers or other cortices; in addition, it projects to the striatum and amygdala. The thalamic relay function is subject to modulation, so the flow of information to the target regions may change depending on behavioral demands. Modulation of thalamic relay by dopamine is not currently acknowledged, perhaps because dopamine...
Dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia normally fire in a continuous manner, maintaining the striatal dopamine concentration at a relatively constant level. In Parkinson's disease, dopaminergic treatment produces a discontinuous stimulation, inducing an intermittent pulsatile activation of the striatal receptors. It is likely that the oscillations in the dopamine level in the striatum contri...
Development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is known to depend on inductive signals derived from the ventral midline, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh) as one of the identified molecules. Here we show that in addition to Shh, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is required for both induction and survival of ventrally located midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Like Shh, TGF-beta is expressed in earl...
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