An analysis of sales of psychotropic drugs in 1 year in Warangal district showed maximum sales of Fluoxetine. Total dopamine receptor antagonists sales, by the amount of money spent, were less than, that of Flutoxetine. Older antipsychotics and newer antidepressant and anxiolytics were accepted by the local profession.

The enzyme dopaminel @-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, has been partially purified from beef adrenal medulla (1). The enzyme requires ascorbic acid and fumaric acid as cofactors (1). Without ascorbic acid a catechol compound can serve as an alternative reducing agent (2). The stimulation of dopamine hydroxylation by adenosine triphosphate and by catala...

Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1), selectively stimulated by low concentrations of dopamine, has been found in the olfactory tubercle, the nucleus accumbens, and the caudate nucleus of several mammalian species. Several different classes of drugs effective in the treatment of schizophrenia (antipsychotic drugs) were potent inhibitors of the stimulation by dopamine of the enzyme from these various ...

Abstract Introduction Both modafinil and methylphenidate are frequently utilized for maintenance of wakefulness in narcolepsy other sleep disorders. have been demonstrated to affect dopamine transporter, leading an increase extracellular dopamine. Subsequent functional connectivity changes between nucleus accumbens pallidum noted. Animal studies demonstrate neuronal activity with accumbens. To ...

A major line of evidence that supports the hypothesis of dopamine overactivity in schizophrenia is the psychomimetic potential of agents such as amphetamine that stimulate dopamine outf low. A novel brain imaging method provides an indirect measure of in vivo synaptic dopamine concentration by quantifying the change in dopamine receptor radiotracer binding produced by agents that alter dopamine...

Rapid activation of transcription factor genes is thought to play a key role in stimulus-induced neuronal plasticity. To help understand the genomic response that may underlie long-term effects of cocaine and amphetamine, we have investigated the effect of these agents on Zif268, a transcription regulatory factor that is expressed at high levels in brain neurons. Like c-fos, zif268 is markedly ...

Vasopressor agents are often used in patients with septic shock when aggressive fluid resuscitation fails to correct hypotension. Dopamine and norepinephrine are two such vasopressor agents. In the past, fear of potential excessive vasoconstriction, with resultant end-organ hypoperfusion, restricted the use of norepinephrine in septic shock, relegating it to a second-line agent. However, recent...

A catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase system is present in homogenates of both calf and rat retinas. Dopamine is a more potent activator of the bovine enzyme than is norepinephrine or epinephrine. Cyclic AMP concentrations in intact bovine retina are increased by dopamine, as well as by other catecholamines, and by depolarizing agents. Studies with adrenergic blocking agents suggest that ...

Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder and, although the exact causes are unknown, recent epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that several environmental agents may be significant risk factors. To date, these suspected environmental risk factors have been man-made chemicals. In this report, we demonstrate via genetic, biochemical, and immunological studies that...

Adenosine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the physiological functions of adenosine. In the central nervous system adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) are highly enriched in striatopallidal neurons where they form functional oligomeric complexes with other GPCRs such us the dopamine D(2) receptor (D(2)R). Furthermore, it is assumed that the formation of balanced A(...