*Correspondence: [email protected] School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China Abstract This paper considers a pricing and remanufacturing problem in closed-loop supply chain which includes one dominant manufacturer and one retailer under uncertain environment. The remanufacturing cost, market demand, and collection cost are characterized as unce...

Enterprises are aware that bundling strategies can improve profitability in the highly competitive marketplace. This study evaluates an online to offline (O2O) supply chain system made up of a supplier and e-retailer who sell two products independently or bundled through channels, discuss influence pricing strategy channel choice on profit under different market-dominant powers. Based game theo...

We investigate the role of forward commitments and option contracts between a seller (supplier) and a buyer (retailer) in the presence of asymmetric information. In our case, both parties face price and demand uncertainty, but the retailer, being closer to the market, has additional information about the true demand. The supplier, aware of this asymmetry, and acting as a Stackelberg leader, des...

This paper investigates pricing and ordering decisions in a supply chain comprised of two competing manufacturers, dominant retailer, third-party logistics (3PL) provider. Product distribution functions may be implemented by the 3PL provider manufacturers. The advantages outsourcing lie lower cost professional service, which affect decision-making members. adopts novel approach to outsourcing, ...

this study deals with a two-level supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer. we consider an integrated production inventory system where the manufacturer processes raw materials in order to deliver finished product with imperfect quality to the retailer, where number of defective product has a uniform distribution. the retailer receives product and conducts a 100% inspection....

C have long faulted the wide-spread practice of trade promotions as wasteful. It has been estimated that this practice adds up to $100 billion worth of inventory to the distribution system. Yet, the practice continues. In this paper, we propose a price discrimination model of trade promotions. We show that in a distribution channel characterized by a dominant retailer, a manufacturer has incent...

M consumer durable retailers often do not advertise their prices and instead ask consumers to call them for prices. It is easy to see that this practice increases the consumers’ cost of learning the prices of products they are considering, yet firms commonly use such practices. Not advertising prices may reduce the firm’s advertising costs, but the strategic effects of doing so are not clear. O...

Motivated by the influenza vaccine industry, we study a supply chain contracting problem under the presence of uncertainties that are related to product design, delivery, and demand, respectively. The supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, where the retailer places an order before the flu season starts and the manufacturer decides on when to produce the products. Because produc...