The design of future large optical telescopes must take into account the wind-induced buffeting of the telescope structure caused by large-scale flow structures and turbulence inside the dome. However, estimating the resulting degradation in image quality is difficult due to our relatively poor understanding of the flow inside the dome. Data has been collected in a scaled wind-tunnel test of a ...

The P22 tailspike protein is an intensely studied protein whose structure and sequence has been described. However, a study, describing important protein interactions related to its function at the N-terminal domain, has been lacking. The P22 tailspike protein (TSP) consists of three identical polypeptide chains of 666aa. The first 108 of the 666aa in the P22 TSP form a trimeric N-terminal doma...

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway regulates developmental, homeostatic, and repair processes throughout the body. In the skin, touch domes develop in tandem with primary hair follicles and contain sensory Merkel cells. The developmental signaling requirements for touch dome specification are largely unknown. We found dermal Wnt signaling and subsequent epidermal Eda/Edar signaling prom...

Salt domes, an important geological structure, are closely related to the formation of petroleum reservoirs. In many cases, no explicit strong reflector exists between a salt dome and neighboring geological structures. Therefore, interpreters commonly delineate the boundaries of salt domes by observing a change in texture content. To stimulate the visual interpretation process, we propose a nov...

A structural investigation of the well-exposed northern and western parts of the Vredefort dome has established the geometry and chronology of pre-, syn-and post-impact deformation features. The strata display a crude polygonal geometry with zones of complex monoclinal or symmetric folding, and radial oblique-slip faulting separating relatively straight segments. Pseudotachylitic breccia is ubi...

A new model is proposed to explain the origin of enigmatic fine-grained granulite facies rocks sampled from the Moon, based on observations from the Vredefort dome, South Africa. The dome is the deeply eroded central uplift of the ;300-km-diameter Vredefort impact structure. In the dome, fine-grained granulites displaying poikilitic or granoblastic microstructures were formed by relatively slow...

The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays important roles in vertebrate development and the regulation of complex cellular processes. Components of the pathway are conserved in Dictyostelium, Caenorhabditis, and Drosophila, yet the complete sequencing and annotation of the D. melanogaster and C. elegans genomes has failed to identify a receptor, raising the possibility that an alternative type of re...

The tail of bacteriophage T4 consists of a contractile sheath surrounding a rigid tube and terminating in a multiprotein baseplate, to which the long and short tail fibers of the phage are attached. Upon binding of the fibers to their cell receptors, the baseplate undergoes a large conformational switch, which initiates sheath contraction and culminates in transfer of the phage DNA from the cap...

the quasi-periodic order is a type of geometrical order in universe which is observed in the structure of quasi-crystals. this order was first introduced in mathematics in 1973 by roger penrose and then discovered in quasi-crystals in 1984 while spreading in mathematics, chemistry and physics. the paper professor james lu et al published in science magazine in 2007 illustrated that iranians wer...