Compartment boundary formation plays an important role in development by separating adjacent developmental fields. Drosophila imaginal discs have proven valuable for studying the mechanisms of boundary formation. We studied the boundary separating the proximal A1 segment and the distal segments, defined respectively by Lim1 and Dll expression in the eye-antenna disc. Sharp segregation of the Li...

—For positioning with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in urban canyon area, besides the weak signal power, the satellite signal may also be frequently sheltered and no power can be received. It is a great challenge for the GNSS receiver to keep positioning continuously. If the tracking loop in GNSS receivers can recover locking the signal soon after the signal appears again, it will ...

A DLL(Delay Locked Loop) with DCC(Duty Cycle Correction) has become an essential block in high speed memory and digital circuits. An SMD(Synchronous Mirror Delay) structure is widely used both for skew reduction and for DCC. In this paper, an area-efficient DLL structure based on the merged dual SMD is proposed. The merged structure allows the forward delay array to be shared between the DLL an...

A digital delay-locked-loop (DLL) suitable for generation of multiphase clocks in applications such as timeinterleaved and pipelined ADCs locks in a very wide (40X) frequency range. The DLL provides 12 uniformly delayed phases that are free of false harmonic locking. The digital control loop has two stages: a fast-locking coarse acquisition is achieved in four cycles using binary search; a fine...

Delta‑like‑4 (Dll‑4) prevents excess angiogenic sprouting and promotes the formation of a well‑differentiated vascular network. Therefore, transplantation of Dll‑4‑overexpressing endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was hypothesized to be superior to transplantation of EPCs in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In the current study, EPCs harvested from C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow were infect...

The Ci-Dll-B gene is an early regulator of ectodermal development in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (Imai et al., 2006). Ci-Dll-B is located in a convergently transcribed bigene cluster with a tandem duplicate, Ci-Dll-A. This clustered genomic arrangement is the same as those of the homologous vertebrate Dlx genes, which are also arranged in convergently transcribed bigene clusters. Sequence a...

Beetle horns represent an evolutionary novelty exhibiting remarkable diversity above and below the species level. Here, we show that four typical appendage patterning genes, extradenticle (exd), homothorax (hth), dachshund (dac), and Distal-less (Dll) are expressed in the context of the development of sexually dimorphic thoracic horns in three Onthophagus species. At least two of these genes, D...

Two types of coherent delay-locked loops (DLL) are considered in this paper as delay trackers in multiuser CDMA receivers. The rst approach is based on the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) method. PIC based delay trackers require the estimation of channel parameters and data symbols of all users to construct the multiple-access interference (MAI) estimates. The other method is based on ...

Resolution refinements called w-resolution trees with lemmas (WRTL) and with input lemmas (WRTI) are introduced. Dag-like resolution is equivalent to both WRTL and WRTI when there is no regularity condition. For regular proofs, an exponential separation between regular dag-like resolution and both regular WRTL and regular WRTI is given. It is proved that DLL proof search algorithms that use cla...

Insects bear a stereotyped set of limbs, or ventral body appendages. In the highly derived dipteran Drosophila melanogaster, the homeodomain transcription factor encoded by the Distal-less (Dll) gene plays a major role in establishing distal limb structures. We have isolated the Dll orthologue (TcDll) from the beetle Tribolium castaneum, which, unlike Drosophila, develops well-formed limbs duri...