ISS which may be interpreted as transparency in information delivery is of high importance in personal life as well as in ruling system. It may be stated that these two are two sides of the same coin. If there is a real intention to govern people in a real democracy, then ISS is well-defined and developed in the country, and if ISS is well-defined, then it can be concluded that real resolutenes...

In this paper I argue that J. L. Schellenberg’s Divine Hiddenness Argument is committed to a problematic implication that is weakened by research in cognitive psychology on affective forecasting. Schellenberg’s notion of a nonresistant nonbeliever logically implies that for any such person, it is true that she would form the proper belief in God if provided with what he calls “probabilifying” e...

Orthodoxy, and other so-called world religions that were complicit with colonialist expansion and its repression of the “other peoples” (indigenous), their rites and beliefs. For centuries, colonial societies have denied that indigenous peoples had “religions” at all; as the great photographer of Native North American cultures Edward S. Curtis stated, “There seems to be a broadly prevalent idea...

Divine view is to production and industrialization a part of the process of economic development. The divine rules of governance become Ibadah (form of worship), hence industrialization within the divine ambit is also an Ibadah. Divine messages, therefore, stresses both the moral quality and skills in the production of goods. People are getting benefits from industry from different ways, someti...

The term 'The Divine Command Theory of Ethics' is similar to 'The Ontological Argument' in that there is no unique entity deserving of that title. Rather, there is a multiplicity of theories, each of which is appropriately taken to be a divine command theory. The strongest versions are, if not the finest, at least definist. That is, according to these versions moral predicates, such as 'is obli...

the security is a divine grace with which a person can live commonly and peacefully, by enjoying a secure situation. the right for enjoying this situation is called, the right of security. considering the implication between supporting the of security and taking the individual right, the most important benefit which a person gets in this situation, is his ability to perfome and to take his own ...

ratification as a term common among the imami usulites entails that divine decree is consistently in compliance with the mujtahid’s opinion, and even in cases where the opinions of the mujtahids differ with one another, all of them are right and true and divine. this notion of ratification has been expressed in both mu‘tazilī and ash‘arī manners. the question now is whether sunni usulites belie...

More than 700 years ago, Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) wrote an epic poem about a man's journey through the afterworlds of Hell, Purgatory and Heaven. In his Divine Comedy, he catalogued the vices and virtues of people who had passed into those spiritual domains, in part to provide a valuable insight to us, the living. Dante described hell as a very unhappy and inhospitable place that had differe...