Aim Species distribution models (SDMs) have emerged as essential tools in the equipment of many ecologists, useful to explore species distributions space and time answering an assortment questions related biogeography, climate change biology conservation biology. Historically, most SDM research concentrated on well-known organisms, especially vertebrates. In recent years, these are becoming inc...

population dynamics of three main alfalfa aphids, namely: pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris), spotted alfalfa aphid, therioaphis trifolii forma maculata (buckton), black alfalfa aphid, aphis craccivora koch, and their most abundant predators and parasitoids in three sites and in two subsequent years in isfahan, iran, were investigated. the results revealed that frequency and temporal occur...

While an extensive literature exists on the negative effects of invasive species, little is known about their facilitative effects on native species, particularly the role of invasives as trophic subsidies to native predators. The invasive gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) undergoes periodic outbreaks during which it represents a super-abundant food source for predators capable of consuming it, par...

kolah ghazi national park is one of the most important habitats for wild goat in iran with a population of around 2000 heads. in order to model the habitat for this species, a presence only layer was used as input to enfa method in biomapper software. ecogeographic factors were also used as independent variables including plant community, distribution of predators, geomorphologic features, main...

0079-6611/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.09.011 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +47 55238687. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Huse). Marine ecosystem models often contain modules for two phytoplankton compartments (flagellates and diatoms) and two zooplankton groups (microand mesozooplankton). The models rarely include fish, not even as an agent in zooplank...

Top predators can suppress mesopredators by killing them, competing for resources and instilling fear, but it is unclear how suppression of mesopredators varies with the distribution and abundance of top predators at large spatial scales and among different ecological contexts. We suggest that suppression of mesopredators will be strongest where top predators occur at high densities over large ...

Arena structure caused by restricted spatial distribution of predators relative to prey 45 Restricted predator distribution in response to predation risk caused by its predators 45 Restricted predator distribution caused by limited predator mobility or habitat requirements 45 Restricted prey distribution and/or activity 47 Time allocation to safe/resting sites 47 Abstract There is a critical ne...