Many complex networks erase parts of their geometry as they develop, so that their evolution is difficult to quantify and trace. Here we introduce entropy measures for quantifying the complexity of street orientations and length variations within planar networks and apply them to the street networks of 41 British cities, whose geometric evolution over centuries can be explored. The results show...

Measurements of delay spread were performed at microwave frequencies of 3.35, 8.45 and 15.75GHz along quasi line-of-sight streets in metropolitan Tokyo. It is found that the delay spreads increase with the measurement distance and reach around 600 ns up to 1 km. It is also confirmed that a cumulative probability of the delay spreads follows a log-normal distribution. The gradients of delay spre...

background and aims: since using city power for welding process is not allowed, diesel generators are used as a power supply in construction industries. they could be introduced as a main source of noise pollution. the purposes of this study were to assess and control noise pollution produced by construction diesel generators in hamadan, iran. methods: in this descriptive, cross-sectional study...

Planning scholars have identified economic, safety, and social benefits of converting one-way streets to two-way. Less is known about how conversions could impact vehicular distances traveled—of growing relevance in an era fleet automation, electrification, ride-hailing. We simulate such a conversion San Francisco, California. find that its current street network’s average intra-city trip ~1.7 ...

The main objective of the study was to verify effectiveness active pedestrian crossings equipped with flashing lights activated automatically by detected pedestrians. A pilot conducted in two sites, where speed profiles vehicles over distance 30 m before crossing were analyzed. produced promising results terms reducing vehicle speeds so next investigated four other unsignalized crossings. They ...