This paper proposes per unit coding for combined economic emission load dispatch problem. In the proposed coding, it is possible to apply the percent effects of elements in any number and with high accuracy in objective function. In the proposed per unit coding, each function is transformed into per unit form based on its own maximum value and has a value from 0 to 1. In this paper, particle sw...

The paper investigates the performance of proposed search technique for different kinds of economic dispatch problems by searching generation pattern of committed units in polar coordinate system being projection of phasor on real axis with respect to its displacement. A slack generator is introduced to meet the demand constraint while generation pattern is searched within operating limits of g...

Due to the environmental concerns that arise from the emissions produced by fossil-fueled electric power plants, the classical economic dispatch, which operates electric power systems so as to minimize only the total fuel cost, can no longer be considered alone. Thus, by environmental dispatch, emissions can be reduced by dispatch of power generation to minimize emissions. The environmental/eco...

OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of the validity of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) dispatch criteria for severely injured patients. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed. English written and peer-reviewed publications on HEMS dispatch criteria were included. RESULTS Thirty-four publications were included. Five manuscripts discussed accuracy of HEMS dis...

Double dispatch is the ability of selecting dynamically a method not only according to the run-time type of the receiver (single dispatch), but also to the run-time type of the argument. This mechanism unleashes the power of dynamic binding in object-oriented languages, so enhancing re-usability and separation of responsibilities. However, many mainstream languages, such as, e.g., C++ and Java,...

A power system operation at minimum cost is no longer the only criterion for electrical power dispatch. Combined economic emission dispatch problem is obtained by considering both the economy and emission objectives with required constraints. This problem can be solving optimization techniques. Many optimization techniques are slow for such complex optimization tasks and are not suitable for on...

In this paper, we present a parallel dispatch model with secure route structures for protecting the dispatch route information of mobile agents. This model facilitates efficient dispatching of agents in a hierarchical manner, and ensures route security by exposing minimal route information to hosts. It also provides the capability for detecting attacks. Based on the secure dispatch model, two e...

Due to the environmental concerns that arise from the emissions produced by fossil-fueled electric power plants, the classical economic dispatch, which operates electric power systems so as to minimize only the total fuel cost, can no longer be considered alone. Thus, by environmental dispatch, emissions can be reduced by dispatch of power generation to minimize emissions. The environmental/eco...

Since renewable energies have been and will be massively integrated, electrical power grids require more refined generation dispatch modes and smarter communication methods. In this paper, the real-time generation dispatch and communication architecture of smart grid with renewable energy are studied. Firstly, the technical characteristics and application background of smart grid communication ...