Using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry the influence of conventional steaming and other heat treatments on the level of azaspiracids, okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-2 in mussels (Mytilus edulis) was investigated. A prior study looking at the influence of steaming on the concentration and distribution of azaspiracids showed significant increases in concentration as...

The objective of this study was to define the effects of various cooking and re-heating methods (pan roasting, steaming, oven grilling and micro-waving) on the cholesterol and formation of cholesterol oxidation products in beef loin during storage at 4°C. Raw samples showed lower total cholesterol content than cooked products sampled during storage for 6 d. The following cholesterol oxidation p...

The surface decontamination of meat by steaming and by lactic acid prolongs its shelf life. Possible changes of colour were evaluated by reflectance spectrophotometry and video image analysis (VIA). Reflectance spectra were measured using a D(65) source and CIELab values L(∗), a(∗) and b(∗) were calculated together with ratios of the different myoglobin forms (red, oxy, met). The same samples w...

Cistanche deserticola (CD) is one of the two authoritative source plants of Cistanches Herba, a well-known medicinal plant. Herein, 1H NMR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the chemical profile and to distinguish the different parts, as well as to propose a new processing workflow for CD. Signal assignment was achieved by multiple one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques in ...

to evaluate the most suitable method as well as different conditions of blanching in the process of green tea production from local tea green leaves, this research was conducted in split plot in time and on the basis of a randomized complete block design of six treatments in 3 replications (different plucking times). two common methods of blanching by steaming and panning were used. green leaf ...

The Brønsted acid-catalyzed oligomerization of 4-fluorostyrene has been studied on a series of H-ZSM-5 zeolite powders, steamed under different conditions, with a combination of UV-Vis micro-spectroscopy and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM). UV-Vis micro-spectroscopy and STXM have been used to monitor the relative formation of cyclic and linear dimeric carbocations as a function of...

Gas cooking is a significant source of airborne particles indoors. In order to assess health risk due to exposure from indoor particulate air pollution and to identify effective control strategies, data on size-differentiated aerosol particles released from different cooking methods are critically needed. In this study, controlled experiments were carried out in a domestic kitchen using a scann...