To analyze intensities of ocular exposure to direct (Eo,dir), reflected (Eo,refl), and diffuse (Eo,diff) ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at different solar elevation angles (SEAs), a rotating manikin and dual-detector spectrometer were used to monitor the intensity of ocular exposure to UV irradiation (Eo) and ambient UV radiation (UVR) under clear skies in Sanya, China. Eo,dir was derived as the d...

This document summarises the capabilities of the XY-pic package for typesetting graphs and diagrams in TEX. For a general introduction as well as availability information and conditions refer to the User’s Guide [14]. A characteristic of XY-pic is that it is built around a kernel drawing language which is a concise notation for general graphics, e.g., A B (/).*-+, j j j j j j j j j G ' 55 was d...

Fluorescence dye DiR and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) embedded in PEG-PLGA nanobubbles (DiR-SPIO-NBs) were produced using double emulsion method on a membrane of Shirasu porous glass (SPG). The nanobubbles encapsulated with DiR and SPIONs had a liquid core (perfluoropentane) and a PEG-PLGA shell. DiR-SPIO-NBs showed biocompatibility based on MTT cytotoxicity and hemolysis...

When an oriented bar or grating is drifted across the receptive field of a cortical neuron at various orientations, the tuning function reflects both, and thus confounds the orientation (ORI) and the direction-of-motion (DIR) selectivity of the cell. Since ORI (or DIR), by definition, has a period of 180(or 360) deg/cycle, a popular method for separating these two components, due to Wörgötter a...

At present, the assimilation of u and v wind vector components calculated from wind speed (SP) and wind direction (DIR) observations (obs) is used as the only scheme for assimilating wind observations into the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA) three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) system. The observational error of the u and v components is assigned b...

This paper considers alternative directory protocols for providing cache coherence in shared-memory mul-tiprocessors with 32 to 128 processors, where the state requirements of Dir N may be considered tootate (also called superset), Coarse Vector, and three new protocols. The new protocols|Gray-hardware, Gray-software, Home|are optimizations of Tristate that use gray coding to favor near-neighbo...

In this paper, we present a diagonal-intersection-based routing (DIR) protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. The DIR protocol constructs a series of diagonal intersections between the source and destination vehicles. The DIR protocol is a geographic routing protocol. Based on the geographic routing protocol, source vehicle geographically forwards data packet toward the first diagonal intersect...

Deformable image registration (DIR) and interobserver variation inevitably intro-duce uncertainty into the treatment planning process. The purpose of the current work was to measure deformable image registration (DIR) errors and interobserver variability for regions of interest (ROIs) in the head and neck and pelvic regions. Measured uncertainties were combined to examine planning margin adequa...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the geometrical differences of target volumes propagated by deformable image registration (DIR) and rigid image registration (RIR) to assist target volume delineation between diagnostic Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and planning CT for primary esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS Twenty-five patients with EC sequentially underwent a diagnostic F-f...

Dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area are important components of brain pathways related to addiction. Prolonged exposure of these neurons to moderate concentrations of dopamine (DA) decreases their sensitivity to inhibition by DA, a process called DA-inhibition reversal (DIR). DIR is mediated by phospholipase C and conventional subtype of protein kinase C (cPKC) through concurrent...