A phylogenetically diverse subset of bacterial species are naturally competent for transformation by DNA. Transformation entails recombination of genes between different lineages, representing a form of bacterial sex that increases standing genetic variation. We first assess whether homologous recombination by transformation is favored by evolution. Using stochastic population genetic computer ...

Research indicates that clinical guidelines are often not applied. The success of their implementation depends on the consideration of a variety of barriers and the use of adequate strategies to overcome them. Therefore, this scoping review aims to describe and categorize the most important barriers to guideline implementation. Furthermore, it provides an overview of different kinds of suitable...

We adapt formal models of competition with differentiated products to address the evolution of market boundaries, resource rents, and competitive positions. Our model captures the central strategy insight that competitive interactions are governed by superior value creation and competitive advantage. More importantly, it shows how the interplay between improving technologies and consumers’ valu...

objective(s): erythropoiesis is regulated by some extrinsic and intrinsic factors as micrornas (mirnas). mirnas are endogenously small non-coding regulatory rnas which play vital roles in the variety of cellular fate, critical processes; growth, apoptosis, metabolism, survival of the cells and specially differentiation. several mirnas such as mir-16 and mir-451 have been shown to be correlated ...

brand strength is a variable with the wide scope of definition that can survey marketing strategy and customers' perceptions.in this article, the strength of 23 brands of household appliances in guilan market have been evaluated by using bav models and with receiving customers' opinion from questionnaire. the result indicated that as a whole,foreign brands are stronger than iranian br...