In languages like Japanese and Okinawan, morphological evidence for agreement is scarce, which has led to the long-standing controversy as its existence. this article, I argue that while φ-agreement not morphologically realized on predicates in it nevertheless indirectly detectable form of animacy differential case-marking.

In this paper we propose a new paradigm for a Differential Service (DiffServ) network consisting of two-color marking at the edges of the network using token buckets coupled with differential treatment in the core. Using fluid-flow modelling, we present existence conditions for tokenbucket rates and differential marking probabilities at the core that result in all edges receiving at least their...

Sex differences in academic achievement have often been observed but have usually been attributed to inherent differences between men and women students rather than to differential marking by examiners. The present study indicates that this may not be the case. Sex bias was shown to occur in the evaluation of students’ projects. These results cannot be attributed to actual differences in achiev...

Not all spatial adjuncts behave alike. In some languages, certain display different marking or combinatorial possibilities than others. Recent functional-typological studies make two claims about this differential place phenomenon: (1) it is primarily motivated by noun semantics, opposing names and other nouns; (2) realized as a contrast between zero-marking overt of adjunct function. We evalua...

Abstract This article explores the relationship between affectedness and Differential Object Marking (DOM) of indefinite direct objects in Turkish Uzbek. We argue that distribution DOM two Turkic languages is determined by objects’ specificity animacy as nominal semantic properties, a verbal property associated with object. provide original empirical evidence from forced-choice studies investig...

This paper discusses a number of problems associated with the widely accepted analysis of differential object marking (DOM) as reflecting the semantic markedness of highly individuated (definite and/or animate) direct objects. Firstly, such an account is in conflict with established notions of transitivity which take a typical object to be highly affected, since affectedness can be shown to cor...

We argue that argument encoding systems that seem to involve three syntactic core cases (nominative/absolutive, ergative, accusative) are actually common ergative or accusative systems syntactically, with overt case markers for each of the two cases that disappear in intransitive contexts. Based on evidence from Kham, Djapu, Nez Perce, Upriver Halkomelem, Dyirbal, and Pitjantjatjara, we show th...

Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) represent a significant healthcare burden and are major cause of heart failure leading to premature death. Several CMPs now recognized have strong genetic basis, including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), which predisposes patients arrhythmic episodes. Variants in one the five genes (PKP2, JUP, DSC2, DSG2, DSP) encoding proteins desmosome known subset ACM, we classif...