Background: Semi-permanent fillers are among the most favorable fillers on the market. Through their unique mode of action and its associated lasting aesthetic effect, they take an exceptional position. Objective: To compare the two semi-permanent fillers Poly-L-Lactic Acid (PLLA) and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) in reference to the aesthetic result, patient satisfaction and side effects. Met...

Chewable ferrous fumarate tablet is the best iron dosage form for children due to better compliance and lower teeth staining compared to the oral drop. Because of the different desirable properties of chewable tablets and the opposing effects of fillers on them, the mathematical experimental design was used as the formulation approach. Different series of formulations based on single filler (La...

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is a filler that is widely used for papermaking, and lime sludge is a special type of PCC recovered from the black liquor from kraft pulping. There has been some concern that lime sludge may interfere with the development of paper’s hydrophobicity in comparison with commercial PCC and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) due to the presence of impurities when alky...

We appreciate the interest that readers have expressed in our article “Imaging Features of Midface Injectable Fillers and Associated Complications,” and we are pleased to be regarded as pioneers in the field. However, we would like to clarify a few points and share additional insights on the subject. Our review article certainly shows the utility of CT and MR imaging for depicting many of the e...

BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal biphasic fillers are synthesized for their efficacy in correcting aesthetic defects such as wrinkles, scars and facial contouring defects. The fillers consist of crosslinked HA microspheres suspended in a noncrosslinked HA. To extend the duration of HAs within the dermis and obtain the particle texturing feel, HAs are crosslinked to obtain the suitable mec...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of filler particle size and shape as well as filler content on light transmittance characteristics and color of experimental composite resins. A mixture of 30 mol% Bis-GMA and 70 mol% TEGDMA was prepared as a base monomer and to which a photoinitiator (camphorquinone) and a co-initiator (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) were added....

The number of commercially available injectable soft tissue fillers has increased dramatically over the past decade. In the United States, a variety of temporary fillers have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, at the present time, there are no permanent soft tissue injectable fillers available. This article will discuss the authors' experience with some of the more p...

In second language input studies, speaking speed is regarded as one of the most influential factors in comprehension. However, research in this area has mainly been conducted on written texts read aloud. The present study investigated temporal variables, such as articulation rate and ratio and frequency of fillers and silent pauses, in three university lectures given in Japanese. It was found t...

The current study aims to investigate the effect of fillers with different geometries and sizes on the interfacial shear properties of PA6 composites with de-sized carbon fiber. The fillers which have been investigated are namely; nano-layer silicates (nanoclay), sub-micro aluminum titanium (ALTi) particles, and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT). By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XP...

This study attempts to acoustically characterize the most common filled pause vocalizations (or vocalic fillers) in spontaneous speech in European Portuguese: the near-open central vowel [å] and the mid-central vowel [ə]. For this purpose we analyzed the spectral information of the vocalic fillers by estimating their first two formant frequencies as well as their duration properties. The vocali...