The mutagenic potential of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (diEGBE) was examined with a Tier I battery of in vitro assays followed by a Tier II in vivo Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal assay. The in vitro battery consisted of: the Salmonella mutagenicity test, the L5178Y mouse lymphoma test, a cytogenetics assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells and the unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) a...

The genetic toxicology of glycol ethers is reviewed. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and diglyme have been more extensively studied than other members of this series. Most results indicate a lack of genotoxic potential, but certain tests have yielded positive responses with certain compounds. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberr...

Aim of present study was to develop a solid nanoemulsion preconcentrate of paclitaxel (PAC) using oil [propylene glycol monocaprylate/glycerol monooleate, 4:1 w/w], surfactant [polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monooleate/polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate, 1:1 w/w], and cosurfactant [diethylene glycol monoethyl ether/polyethylene glycol 300, 1:1 w/w] to form stable nanocarrier. The prepared formulation was...

BACKGROUND Akebia saponin D (ASD) exerts various pharmacological activities but with poor oral bioavailability. In this study, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) based on the drug-phospholipid complex technique was developed to improve the oral absorption of ASD. METHODS ASD-phospholipid complex (APC) was prepared using a solvent-evaporation method and characterized by infra...

Thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures has been a subject of active and considerable interest because of its technological applications as well as for providing an insight into the various molecular processes. Similarly, a study of thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures, at varying temperature and pressure, is of significance due to its applicability in process design,...

The number of chemicals in commerce which have not been evaluated for potential developmental toxicity is large. Because of the time and expense required by conventional developmental toxicity tests, an abbreviated assay is needed that will preliminarily evaluate otherwise untested chemicals to help prioritize them for conventional testing. A proposed short-term in vivo assay has been used in a...

Human glycol ether poisonings are sparsely reported in the medical literature. We describe a healthy 22-month-old boy who accidentally drank up to 330 mL of brake fluid containing a 75% bleed of various glycol ethers (5%–50% polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 15%– 40% triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1%–30% triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1%–25% triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, 1%...

Background: The stratum corneum (SC) forms a difficult physical barrier for drugs to pass through the skin. Several strategies were developed to overcome this barrier. Optimization of topical drug formulations by selected excipients may facilitate the penetration of drugs through the SC into the viable skin cells and ultimately into the systemic circulation. Methods: Here, both the influence of...

Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) and ethoxyacetic acid (EAA), the major metabolites of, respectively, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and their acetates, are determined by gas chromatography after extraction from urine and methylation using 2-furoic acid (2-FA) as an internal standard. The mean recoveries (n = 30) from urine of MAA, EAA, and 2-FA are 31.4 +/- 7.0%, ...