Acute toxic effects of three commonly used insecticidal preparations of the organophosphates chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were examined in mixed breed broiler chicks, and cholinesterase activity in plasma and brain were measured. The acute (24 h) oral median lethal doses (LD50) of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and dichlorvos were 10.79 mg kg(-1), 6.32 mg kg(-1), and 6.30 mg kg(-1), respecti...

Ageing is a complex process and understanding the factors affecting ageing and end points of study design are complicated and needs to be addressed through various strategies. In this study we have evaluated the ageing process on exposure to low doses of dichlorvos an organophosphorous insecticide used in controlling crop pests and also used in warfare agent and elucidated the various degrees o...

The Scientific Panel on Plant health, Plant protection products and their Residues (PPR Panel) of EFSA was asked if i) related to the increased incidence of tumours observed in various tissues in rats and mice following dichlorvos exposure, it is possible to identify a mode of action (for any of the tumours) and if so, is it possible to set a threshold for this effect; and ii) in considering an...

effects of four pesticides (imidacloprid, dichlorvos, pymetrozine and abamectin) were evaluated on life table parameters of orius albidipennis (reuter). pesticides were used at the concentrations recommended by the manufacturers. the bioassays were carried out using drum-cell method, in a growth chamber at 27 â± 1âºc, r.h. of 65 â± 5% and 16 h photo phase. the net reproductive rate (r0) value f...

Studies in mice and guinea pigs have shown that albumin is a new biomarker of organophosphorus toxicant (OP) and nerve agent exposure. Our goal was to determine whether OP-labeled albumin could be detected in the blood of humans exposed to OP. Blood from four OP-exposed patients was prepared for mass spectrometry analysis by digesting 0.010 ml of serum with pepsin and purifying the labeled albu...

The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive in vitro bioassay for quantification of the total esterase inhibiting potency of low concentrations of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in relatively small rainwater samples. Purified acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) and carboxylesterases from a homogenate of honeybee heads (Apis mellifera) were ...

The pesticide trichlorfon is readily degraded under experimental conditions to dichlorvos. A method has therefore been developed by which residues of trichlorfon in milk are determined as dichlorvos, using gas chromatography with μ-electron capture detection. The identification of dichlorvos was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Milk was extracted with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation, fre...

Dichlorvos (dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phos­ phate) is a methylating compound 1 and it has been shown to methylate nucleic acid in vitro 2’ 3 and in bacteria3’ 4 as well as to yield 7-methylguanine in mice following i.p. injection and inhalation ex­ posure 4. In the present study two male R strain rats (240 and 260 g, 3 1/2 months old) were given 225 /<Ci of [14C-methyl]-dichlorvos (3.2 mCi/mmo...

Ex vivo conversion of the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir to its active metabolite can be inhibited by the esterase inhibitor dichlorvos or by using commercial fluoride-oxalate tubes. Oseltamivir and its active metabolite remain intact in plasma samples during a proposed virus heat inactivation step: incubation at 60 degrees C for 45 min.

A test method is described for the measurement, under standard conditions, of the amount of dichlorvos (00-dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate) vapour emitted from insecticide slow-release units. Specimen results, obtained under these conditions, are given for the outputs of several types of unit during the initial 14-d period when output is greatest, with corresponding values for the concentr...