Technology transfer for environmental 29 purposes renovation of water and gas pipelines Kajasn Toomanian Migraine in children and adolescents 33 Ali Gorji Avicenna The Iranian journal of science and culture Letter from the editor Travelling of ideas as well as scientific and cultural interaction and interpenetration recurs in human history as naturally and persistently as the emigration of bird...

After the disintegration of former Soviet Union in 1989, debate started among the intellectuals as well as policy makers in USA about the future shape of world politics and role of the US in it. In this regard, early voice was Francis Fukuyama’s “The End of History” which focused on political ideologies as the main unit of analysis. To him, after the end of cold war, western liberal democracy h...

In 2005, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, launched a new initiative called Alliance of Civilizations which is co-sponsored by the Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey and the Prime Minister José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero of Spain and supported by the British Prime Minister Tony Blair. The motivation behind the Alliance of Civilizations Initiative is to bridge divi...

Anthropic reasoning often begins with the premise that we should expect to find ourselves typical among all intelligent observers. However, in the infinite universe predicted by inflation, there are some civilizations which have spread across their galaxies and contain huge numbers of individuals. Unless the proportion of such large civilizations is unreasonably tiny, most observers belong to t...

No matter what it is the academic field or the political field, the clash of civilizations generates profound international effects. However, the sidedness of recognition accompanies with the clash of civilizations. Since the clash of civilization is still popular at present, it is necessary to clarify its sidedness. This paper tries to made analyses from these aspects: difference and commonnes...