ESRD represents a major health problem. The number of patients who enter kidney replacement programs has increased at an average of 7% per year in the past 10 yr. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that chronic nephropathies share common pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to renal disease progression, even independent of the original cause. Clinical studies...

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to lim...

Helbich T, Tscholakoff D. Polyetiology of renal allograft dysfunction. Does calculation of the resistive index still make sense? Acta Radiol 1992; 33: 434–439 7. Scholbach T, Girelli E, Scholbach J. Dynamic tissue perfusion measurement: a novel tool in follow-up of renal transplants. Transplantation 2005; 79: 1711–1716 8. Nankivell BJ, Chapman JR, Gruenewald SM. Detection of chronic allograft n...

BACKGROUND Renal diseases in diabetes include diabetic nephropathies (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD). The clinical differentiation between these two categories is usually not so clear and effective. This study aims to develop a quantified differential diagnostic model. METHODS We consecutively screened the diabetic patients with overt proteinuria but no severe renal failure for ki...

Progression to end-stage renal disease is common in chronic nephropathies, independent of the initial insult. While genetic factors may contribute to susceptibility and progression of renal disease, proteinuria has been documented as an independent predictor of outcome. Reduction of urinary protein levels by restoration of glomerular sieving function with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers...