OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at adapting a multi-deviant auditory distraction paradigm for a comprehensive screening of functions of voluntary and involuntary auditory attention. METHODS Subjects performed phonetic discrimination on lateralized consonant-vowel syllables in a distraction paradigm in which task-irrelevant deviances occurred on different syllable features. Behavioral perfor...

Prosocial behaviors, actions intended to help others, may serve a protective function against association with deviant peers and subsequent delinquent and antisocial behaviors. The present study examined the relations among specific types of prosocial behaviors, deviant peer affiliation, and delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Six hundred and sixty-six adolescents (46% girls; M age = 15.33, SD...

In this experiment, we examined the extent to which error-driven learning may operate under implicit learning conditions. We compared error monitoring in a sequence learning task in which stimuli consisted of regular, irregular, or random sequences. Subjects were either informed (explicit condition) or not informed (implicit condition) about the existence of the sequence. For both conditions, r...

Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) is the specific decrease in the response to a frequent ('standard') stimulus, which does not generalize, or generalizes only partially, to another, rare stimulus ('deviant'). Stimulus-specific adaptation could result simply from the depression of the responses to the standard. Alternatively, there may be an increase in the responses to the deviant stimulus due...

Although the nature and prevalence of deviant sexual thoughts and behaviors has been well investigated in forensic samples, far less attention has been paid to these phenomena in sub-clinical settings. A male undergraduate sample (N = 88) completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression (MASA; Knight et al., 1994) as a measure of deviant sexual thoughts and behaviors, along with ...

crime patterns and styles show that crime is a gendered phenomenon. this study seeks to explain the gender gaps in deviant behaviors, using the general theory of crime and analyses the role of self-control in deviant behaviors of boys and girls. the present research was carried out through survey method and a statistical sample of 420 students of orumieh university in the academic year of 2010-...

Background: Nowadays, medical environment is becoming increasingly competitive in order to meet the patients' expectations and demands. Despite their efforts to provide the best services, nurses often receive complaints from people who are dissatisfied with the services they receive. There are reports claiming nurses as violent and unethical in their duties. This leads to constant stress among ...