introduction and aims: prior investigators have proposed microlithiasis as a causative factor for occult gallbladder diseases. endoscopic ultrasonography (eus) is potentially far more sensitive than transabdominal ultrasonography (tus) in visualizing small stones. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of endoscopic ultrasounography (eus) in the diagnosis of microlithiasis in patient...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to define the clinical indications and demographic characteristics of patients under-going open reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and determine the proportion due to preventable failures of contemporary clinical screening and early management. METHODS Case notes were reviewed of consecutive primary open reductions performed for non-...

Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by the terminal or interstitial deletion of the chromosome 22q13.3. Patients with this syndrome usually have global developmental delay, hypotonia, and speech delays. Several putative genes such as the SHANK3, RAB, RABL2B, and IB2 are responsible for the neurological features. This study describes the clinical features and outcomes of K...

Over the past decade, non-invasive preclinical imaging has emerged as an important tool to facilitate biomedical discovery. Not only have the markets for these tools accelerated, but the numbers of peer-reviewed papers in which imaging end points and biomarkers have been used have grown dramatically. High frequency 'micro-ultrasound' has steadily evolved in the post-genomic era as a rapid, comp...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis and early treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) continue to be issues of discussion. In 1992, a nationwide general ultrasound screening program using Graf technique was introduced to detect DDH in Austria. We investigated the effects of this program on the rates of operative and conservative interventions and the influence of the program on the number of hos...

A male child with tetra-amelia, hypotrichosis, upward slanting palpebral fissures, lack of lacrimal openings, hypoplastic lacrimal ducts and sacs opening towards the exterior, prominent and bulbous nose, large downturned mouth, high narrow palate, bilateral preauricular pits, sacral dimple, bilateral undescended testes, and developmental retardation is reported. The parents were second cousins....

Diagnosis and differentiation of branchial cleft anomalies rest on higher imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, anatomical knowledge and meticulous characterization of anomaly on high resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) can clinch the diagnosis in most cases. Anomalies of the second branchial cleft account for 90% of the developmental ab...

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is a developmental abnormality characterized by abnormal proliferation of terminal bronchioles forming cysts of varying sizes. Extensive lesions are associated with a poor prognosis due to the development of nonimmune hydrops and/or pulmonary hypoplasia. The advent of high-resolution ultrasonography has made it possible to identify these le...

Ectopic thyroid is a rare developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland which is defined as the presence of thyroid tissue at a site other than the pretracheal area. Nearly 1 to 3% of all ectopic thyroids are located in the lateral neck. Simultaneous submandibular ectopic thyroid tissue presenting with a functional orthotopic thyroid gland is extremely rare. In this article, we report a 37-year-ol...

Congenital temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are very rare disorders and are usually diagnosed in childhood. Developmental disorders of the TMJ such as hypoplasia, hyperplasia, and aplasia of the TMJ compartments are characterized by TMJ dysfunction. In childhood, these patients experience recurrent dislocation, pain, and malocclusion. We present the case of a 25-week fetus with unilateral...