We present a new methodology to derive faster composite operations of the form dP + Q, where d is a small integer ≥ 2, for generic ECC scalar multiplications over prime fields. In particular, we present an efficient Doubling-Addition (DA) operation that can be exploited to accelerate most scalar multiplication methods, including multiscalar variants. We also present a new precomputation scheme ...

Previously, we found that exposure of neonatal rats to chlorpyrifos (CPF) produced brain cell damage and loss, with resultant abnormalities of synaptic development. We used the same biomarkers to examine prenatal CPF treatment so as to define the critical period of vulnerability. One group of pregnant rats received CPF (subcutaneous injections in dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle) on gestational days ...

The development of the ferret ileum was studied in order to determine the pattern of morphological maturation during the postnatal period. In the newborn, intestinal villi were short, and lined by simple columnar enterocytes with striated borders and small vacuoles. At one week old, the equivalent cell had large vacuoles that were shown on TEM to be related to a tubulovesicular system in the ap...

The development of modern techniques in extracorporeal circulation is the result of the combined efforts of physiologists, physicians, and engineers. Early experimental work at the end of the 19th century was accomplished by physiologists, such as von Schröder, von Frey, and Gruber, as well as Jacobj. These scientists laid the foundation for three different artificial oxygenation devices for ex...

In a parity judgment task, the ERPs at parietal electrode sites become more negative as more mental rotation has to be executed. This article provides a review of the empirical evidence regarding this amplitude modulation. More specifically, experiments are reported that validate both the functional relationship between mental rotation and the amplitude modulation as well as the temporal relati...

We investigated whether concurrent processing of a tone (T1) interferes with early sensory-perceptual processing of a visual target (T2) in variants of the psychological refractory period paradigm using the event-related potential (ERP) method and 70-channel electroencephalographic recordings. T1, which required a speeded response, was presented in all trials. In half of the trials, T1 was foll...

M. A. Van Selst, E. Ruthruff, and J. C. Johnston (1999) found that practice dramatically reduced dual-task interference in a Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm with 1 vocal response and 1 manual response. Results from 3 further experiments using the highly trained participants of M. A. Van Selst et al. (1999) support 4 main conclusions: (a) A processing bottleneck exists even after ...

The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older a...

Why is the human brain fundamentally limited when attempting to execute two tasks at the same time or in close succession? Two classical paradigms, psychological refractory period (PRP) and task switching, have independently approached this issue, making significant advances in our understanding of the architecture of cognition. Yet, there is an apparent contradiction between the conclusions de...

Background: The effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) as an environmental factor on different organs including female reproductive system is of critical concern. In view of the fact that embryo fetuses and young, growing animals are more susceptible to any xenobiotic during gestational and lactation stages of gonadal development may it lead to permanent damage to the gonads. The early phases of...