a bstract       background:  patients with multiple sclerosis experience hospitalization several times in their lives. certainly, providing ef fi cient and high-quality care by healthcare professionals is not possible unless the experiences of patients’ hospitalization are taken into consideration. this qualitative study was aimed to identify experiences of patients with multiple sclerosis in t...

Data Types in Event-B – An Application of Generic Instantiation David Basin, Andreas Fürst, Thai Son Hoang, Kunihiko Miyazaki, and Naoto Sato 1 Institute of Information Security, ETH Zurich 2 Yokohama Research Lab, Hitachi Abstract. Integrating formal methods into industrial practice is a challenging task. Often, different kinds of expertise are required within the same development. On the one ...

DCI’s research abilities are highlighted by its extensive utility consulting experience, senior consultant qualifications, extensive database of utility best practices, analytical methodologies in support of strategic decision making, and support of utility companies through direct testimony in public utility service commission hearings. DCI’s consultants all have advanced degrees and include a...

Despite wide-ranging threats and tangible risks, journalists have not done much to change their information or communications security practices in recent years. Through in-depth interviews, we provide insight into how journalists conceptualize security risk. By applying a mental models framework, we identify a model of “security by obscurity”—one that persists across participants despite varyi...

This article questions the view that medical decision-making can be reduced to a series of explicit rules, adherence to which will necessarily improve outcomes. Instead, it attempts to rehabilitate the concepts of clinical expertise and clinical experience, arguing that medicine, like other areas of expertise, depends on forms of implicit knowledge that can only be acquired through years of exp...

I describe the program of analysis of expertise known as 'Studies of Expertise and Experience', or 'SEE' and contrast it with certain philosophical approaches. SEE differs from many approaches to expertise in that it takes the degree of 'esotericity' of the expertise to be one of its characteristics: esotericity is not a defining characteristic of expertise. Thus, native language speaking is ta...

like many other developing countries pharmacoeconomics and outcome research and its applications in national health system is a new but promising filed in iran. although decision makers of iran national health system decided to use pharmacoeconomics in the decision making approach several hurdles including lack of reliable national data, lack of expertise and local experience are the main chall...