investigation of projectiles penetration phenomenon has been carried out in non-cohesive soil (sand) targets under dry, saturated and compacted conditions. analytical studies have been performed on the linear and non-linear soil models to obtain penetration depth formulae for ogival nose projectile and the results are verified by experimental studies. in present work, three ogival nose projecti...

Microneedles represent promising tools for delivery of drugs to the skin. However, before these microneedles can be used in clinical practice, it is essential to understand the process of skin penetration by these microneedles. The present study was designed to monitor both penetration depth and force of single solid microneedles with various tip diameters ranging from 5 to 37µm to provide insi...

soil compaction is an important aspect of agriculture and different methods are available to measure this parameter. one method is called the cone index; measuring the force required per unit area for penetration of a standard steel cone into the ground. cone penetrometers are used for cone index measurement. in this study, a tractor mounted, hydraulically-operated penetrometer was designed, bu...

depth of frost penetration is one of the main indices in agriculture, civil and transportation engineering. soil temperature is a function of several factors including: topography, solar radiation, air temperature, moisture content and other physical properties of soil such as thermal capacity, coefficient of heat conductivity, and specific heat. the main objective of the present paper is to de...

simultaneous heat and water model (shaw) is based on the assimilation rate of melting and/or freezing of the accumulated snow as well as melting of ice in soil. the main objective of this study was to evaluate applicability of shaw model in determining maximum depth of frost penetration in soils in some typical climates of iran. to this end, the daily data of air temperature, soil temperatures ...

a new model is proposed in this research to calculate the longitudinal strengthof unidirectional e-glass reinforced polymer composites exposed to sulfuricacid environment, using a micromechanics model. in the proposed method,it is assumed that the residual strength of the degraded composites under acidic environment can be calculated by knowing the degraded strength properties of the constituen...