The study of scattered polarized light has led to important advances in distinct fields such as astronomy, atmospheric sciences and bio-imaging. In random diffusing media, disorientation the scrambling its polarization state appear always occur together. Their apparent inseparability suggests a profound connection between optical transport depolarization. Here, we present experimental evidence ...

Cortical spreading depolarization is a metabolically costly phenomenon that affects the brain in both health and disease. Following severe stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or traumatic brain injury, cortical spreading depolarization exacerbates tissue damage and enlarges infarct volumes. It is not known, however, whether spreading depolarization also occurs in the retina in vivo. We report now ...

When the nodal end of an internodal cell of Chara corallina was subjected to a pulse treatment with artificial cell sap, a depolarization lasted in artificial pond water. This depolarization could also be induced by pulse treatment with KCl solution, indicating that K+ in the artificial cell sap is responsible (K+ -induced depolarization). The depolarization was prolonged in the presence of 2 m...