introduction: despite being the gold standard as well as a routine technique in endodontics, radiographic working length (wl) determination owns many drawbacks. electronic apex-locators (eals) are recommended to complement radiographies. the aim of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of iranian general dental practitioners (gdps) towards using radiography and eal. methods and materials: ...

background prevention or management of pain is an important objective in root canal treatment. post-endodontic pain has always been an important concern for patients and clinicians. informing patients regarding the possibility of postendodontic pain and drug administration for its management can improve their trust in dentists, raise their pain threshold and increase their tendency to seek furt...

abstract background/objective: this study was undertaken to address psychological health effects of dentists’ exposure to low ambient levels of mercury. methods: one hundred and six dentists and 94 general practitioners were randomly selected from clinics in shiraz city, iran. subjects were asked to complete the persian version of general health questionnaire. the data were analyzed using χ2 te...