Background and Objective: Although the demyelinating disease is not among the routine neurosurgery practices, it has been creating serious challenges for neurosurgeons both in diagnostic and surgical procedures for a long time. Case Presentation: Pathologically, they are similar to grade II glioma– oligodendroglioma or mixed gliomas. In the neurosurgical context, they are large and solitary les...

Molecular mimicry is the process by which T cells activated in response to determinants on an infecting microorganism cross-react with self epitopes, leading to an autoimmune disease. Normally, infection of SJL/J mice with the BeAn strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in a persistent CNS infection, leading to a chronic progressive, CD4(+) T cell-mediated demyelinati...

Several lines of evidence suggest a definite and unique link between CNS demyelinating diseases and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The aim of the current study was to systematically compare the clinical and laboratory features of patients with coexistent AITD and CNS demyelinating disease with those of patients with just CNS demyelinating disease. Forty-four patients with coexisting CNS dem...

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare demyelinating disease characterized by an acute rapidly progressive fulminant inflammation of the white matter. In this case report, we introduce a case of AHLE in children with an interesting and lengthy process and successful treatment.A previously healthy 13-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever and loss of consciousn...

Demyelinating pseudotumor is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that has a similar clinical presentation and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging findings as brain tumors or abscesses. Unlike brain tumors, demyelinating pseudotumors respond well to steroid hormones. There are only a few reported cases of intracranial de...

Extensive research over the last decades basically failed to identify a common cause of noninfectious inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease. To a great extent, this may reflect that the group of inflammatory CNS demyelinating disorders likely contains multiple pathogenetically distinct disease entities. Indeed, the greatest success so far in deciphering the pathogenesi...

CXCL-1, also called keratinocyte-derived cytokine (KC), is a predominant chemokine produced in glial cells upon infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). In this study, we assessed the role of KC in the development of TMEV-induced demyelinating disease by utilizing polyclonal anti-KC antibodies as well as KC-expressing recombinant TMEV. Our results indicate that the level ...