Modern democracy is defined by the principle of political representation. Decisions are justified by pointing to the representative character of the actors and institutions involved in the policy-making process. Over a period of three centuries, beginning in the 18 century various models of modern representative systems developed differing in the locus of sovereignty, the authorisation of repre...

experience of double revolutionary upheavals in russia during the 20th century which produced a new socio-economic regularity on one hand and changed the political system from monarchial to democratic republic and then soviet state and finally presidential republic at the end of 20th century on the other hand are treated as democratic movements. in this regard, crumbling of ex-soviet regime and...

Democracy is rule by the demos, but by what criteria is the demos constituted? Theorists of democracy have tended to assume that the demos is properly defined by national boundaries or by the territorial boundaries of the modern state. In a recent turn, many democratic theorists have advanced the principles of affected interests and coercion as the basis for defining the boundaries of democracy...

today, south korea has become a successful pattern for less- developed countries. this article attempts to explain its successful experience in economic development in the framework of pattern of non-democratic developmental state. in this pattern developed by adrian leftwich, the main focus is on political-sociological context affecting economic development. the main characteristics of develop...

A central claim of democratic theory is that democracy induces governments to be responsive to the preferences of the people. Political parties organize politics in every modern democracy, and some observers claim that parties are what induce democracies to be responsive. Yet, according to others, parties give voice to extremists and reduce the responsiveness of governments to the citizenry. Th...