INTRODUCTION Diarrhea remains one of the most common and most deadly conditions affecting children worldwide. Accurately assessing dehydration status is critical to determining treatment course, yet no clinical diagnostic models for dehydration have been empirically derived and validated for use in resource-limited settings. METHODS In the Dehydration: Assessing Kids Accurately (DHAKA) prospe...

Carbon physiology of a genetically identified Ulva rigida was investigated under different CO2(aq) and light levels. The study was designed to answer whether (1) light or exogenous inorganic carbon (Ci) pool is driving growth; and (2) elevated CO2(aq) concentration under ocean acidification (OA) will downregulate CAext-mediated [Formula: see text] dehydration and alter the stable carbon isotope...

Desiccation tolerance is commonly regarded as one of the key features for the colonization of terrestrial habitats by green algae and the evolution of land plants. Extensive studies, focused mostly on physiology, have been carried out assessing the desiccation tolerance and resilience of the streptophytic genera Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Here we present transcriptomic analyses of Zygnema circu...

Mutations in PIEZO1 are the primary cause of hereditary xerocytosis, a clinically heterogeneous, dominantly inherited disorder of erythrocyte dehydration. We used next-generation sequencing-based techniques to identify PIEZO1 mutations in individuals from 9 kindreds referred with suspected hereditary xerocytosis (HX) and/or undiagnosed congenital hemolytic anemia. Mutations were primarily found...

We propose that targeting the enhanced photosynthetic performance associated with the cold acclimation of winter cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and Brassica napus L. may provide a novel approach to improve crop productivity under abiotic as well as biotic stress conditions. In support of this hypothesis, we provide the physiological, biochemical, and molecul...

Pervaporation (PV) is a well-established membrane technique used in separation; especially dehydration of organic solvents. Along with other parameters such as permeate pressure and feed temperature; feed composition is an important parameter, which affects separation characteristics and membrane performance in pervaporation. In this paper, the separation characteristics of a hydrophilic polyvi...

There is increasing evidence that intraoperative fluid therapy decisions may influence postoperative outcomes. In the past, patients undergoing major surgery were often administered large volumes of crystalloid, based on a presumption of preoperative dehydration and nebulous intraoperative 'third space' fluid loss. However, positive perioperative fluid balance, with postoperative fluid-based we...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a central role in the production of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE is a single polypeptide, but it contains 2 homologous and independent catalytic domains, each of which binds zinc. To understand the in vivo role of these 2 domains, we used gene targeting to create mice with point mutations in the ACE C-domain zinc-binding motif. Such mice, ter...

An evolutionary response to selection requires genetic variation; however, even if it exists, then the genetic details of the variation can constrain adaptation. In the simplest case, unlinked loci and uncorrelated phenotypes respond directly to multivariate selection and permit unrestricted paths to adaptive peaks. By contrast, 'antagonistic' pleiotropic loci may constrain adaptation by affect...

conclusions it is reasonable to evaluate blood urea nitrogen, potassium, and hemoglobin of children with gastroenteritis. moreover, conducting white blood cell, stool exam, and urine analysis is recommended for those with febrile gastroenteritis, especially in girls younger than two years of age. overall, conducting all the mentioned tests for these patients is not necessary as a routine, and d...