Introduction and large scale production of synthetic halogenated organic chemicals over the last 50 years has resulted in a group of contaminants which tend to persist in the environment and resist both biotic and abiotic degradation. The low solubility of these types of contaminants, along with their toxicity and tendency to accumulate in food chains, make them particularly relevant targets fo...

This thesis considers the nucleation and growth, synthesis, and catalytic application of metallic nanoparticles at liquid|liquid interfaces. It comprises five publications, a previously unpublished synthesis of polymer coated palladium nanoparticles, and an introduction to the relevant literature. Three publications are concerned with electrodeposition of metal nanoparticles at liquid|liquid in...

Incubation of 5-iodo-5,6-dihydrouracil (IH2Ura) with soluble rat liver enzymes at 37 degrees, pH 8.2, results in the rapid release of iodide ion. The second product resulting from the carbon skeleton of the dihydropyrimidine ring system is 2-amino-2-oxazoline-5-carboxylic acid (I). Ultraviolet absorbance measurements at 225 nm, where both IH2Ura and iodide ion absorb, indicate that IH2Ura dehal...

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of reverse-transcribed 16S rRNA during periods of community flux was used as a tool to delineate the roles of the members of a 2-bromophenol-degrading, sulfate-reducing consortium. Starved, washed cultures were amended with 2-bromophenol plus sulfate, 2-bromophenol plus hydrogen, phenol plus sulfate, or phenol with no electron acceptor ...

G. Adiwidjaja Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut der Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 48, D-20146 Hamburg Z. Naturforsch. 50b, 953-958 (1995); received November 21, 1994 Chlorinated Insecticides, Electrochemical Reduction, Aldrin, Mirex, Dechlorination Partial but regioand stereoselective dechlorination takes place if polychlorinated oligocyclic insecticides (Diels-Alder adducts and dimer...

Easy dehalogenation of bromo-, chloro-aryl and alkyl derivatives is performed in the presence a cobalt catalyst, manganese as reductant, alcohol hydrogen donor. This method tolerates variety functional groups with different electronic properties. Noteworthy examples desulfonation are also reported.

Theoretical studies are presented on the structures and reactivity of chlorinated ethylcobalamins, potential intermediates in the vitamin B12-catalyzed reductive dehalogenation of the environmental pollutants perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene; the results suggest an alternative mechanism of catalysis.

DL-2-Haloacid dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain 113 (DL-DEX) catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of both D- and L-2-haloalkanoic acids to produce the corresponding L- and D-2-hydroxyalkanoic acids, respectively, with inversion of the C2 configuration. DL-DEX is a unique enzyme: it acts on the chiral carbon of the substrate and uses both enantiomers as equivalent substrates. We have i...