Testis-derived testosterone has been recognized as the key factor for morphogenesis of the Wolffian duct, the precursor of several male reproductive tract structures. Evidence supports that testosterone is required for the maintenance of the Wolffian duct via its action on the mesenchyme. However, it remains uncertain how testosterone alone is able to facilitate formation of regionally specific...

The family Potamotrygonidae are the only species of stingrays restricted to fresh water and located exclusively in South America. objective this research was analyze morphological aspects germ cells male reproductive tract Potamotrygon amandae. samples were fixed 10% formalin, then dehydrated an ascending ethanol series (70 100%). To carry out light microscopy analyses, they embedded paraffin, ...

Background: Mayer - Rokitansky - Kuster - Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is characterized by congenital aplasia of the uterus and the upper part of the vagina in women showing normal development of secondary sexual characteristics and a normal 46, XX karyotype. Congenital anomaly of the female genital tract, estimated to occur in approximately 1 in every 5,000 females. It is caused by a failure of deve...

Some melatonin functions in mammals are exerted through MT₁ and MT₂ receptors. However, there are no reports of their presence in the reproductive tract of the ram, a seasonal species. Thus, we have investigated their existence in the ram testis, epididymis, accessory glands and ductus deferens. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed higher levels of m-RNA for both receptors in the...

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and are associated with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), which is the major cause of infertility in male patients with CF. However, most Taiwanese patients with CBAVD do not carry major CFTR mutations. Some patients have a single copy deletion of the solute carrie...

Passage of spermatozoa through the epididymis and emission of sperm during ejaculation are based on spontaneous and induced contractions of epididymal peritubular muscle layers. This study deals with the ejaculation-relevant factors noradrenaline (NA) and oxytocin (OT) and their contractile effects in the course of the bovine epididymal duct. Muscle tension recording revealed excitatory effects...

Development of urogenital anatomy in the human fetus is the result of a complex interplay between multiple different tissues. The time course of development is well documented and the morphologic outcomes of insults at various time points during development are predictable. We present a cadaveric case of unilateral agenesis of the left kidney, ureter, bladder hemitrigone, ureteric opening, semi...

The male reproductive system includes the gonads (testes), a series of specialized ducts (the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra), accessory glands (the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands), and the external genitalia (penis and scrotum). The female reproductive system includes the gonads (ovaries), derivatives of an embryonic system of ducts (the uterin...

BACKGROUND Congenital absence of the vas deferens is an important cause of obstructive azoospermia, and the lack of an imaging diagnostic test is a critical problem. The aim of this study is to discuss the use of ultrasonography in congenital absence of vas deferens, including dysplasia of the epididymis and the seminal vesical. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five fresh spermatic cord specimens were dete...

The rat vas deferens was removed and either transplanted alongside the soleus muscle or into the bed of the soleus muscle that had previously been removed, and in this case the soleus nerve was connected to the transplant. The vas deferens reinnervated by the somatomotor nerve recovered the best. Contractions to transmural electrical stimulation could not be elicited from the denervated vas def...