learns or should have learned of the risk created by its fault.” Jablonski v. Ford Motor Co., 955 N.E.2d 1138, 1159 (Ill. 2011) (emphasis added). See also Comstock v. General Motors Corp., 99 N.W.2d 627, 634 (Mich. 1959); Kozlowski v. John E. Smith’s Sons Co., 275 N.W.2d 915, 922 (Wis. 1979); Downing v. Overhead Door Corp., 707 P.2d 1027, 1032 (Colo. Ct. App. 1985); Wilson v. U.S. Elevator Corp...

one of the evolutions in tort law is the colectivisation of civil liability. in the past, civil liability was collective and the effects of the person guilty haven imposed on the all members of family. then with developing of civilizations and with appearance of principle of personal liability, the collective liability has been changed to personal liability. but nowadays according to the opinio...

This paper presents an optimization approach to analyze the problems of portfolio selection for longterm investments, taking into consideration the specific target replacement ratio for defined-contribution (DC) pension scheme; the purpose is to generate an effective multi-period asset allocation that reaches an amount matching the target liability at retirement date and reduce the downside ris...

Abstract The asset-liability management problem with cash flow under an uncertain exit time has been investigated in this article, which is based on the fundamental framework of mean-variance model multi-period version. liability and random will affect asset optimization, while investor may be forced to withdraw from investments a probability at each period our model. closed-form expressions fo...

This paper shows how a mean variance criterion can be applied to a multi period setting in order to obtain efficient portfolios in an asset and liability context. The optimization model allows for rebalancing activities, transaction costs, stochastic volatilities for both assets and liabilities. Furthermore, a general framework for the projection of pension fund liabilities as well as for the g...