This paper investigates the asymmetric effects of monetary policy on economic growth over business cycles in Iran. Estimating the models using the Hamilton (1989) Markov-switching model and by employing the data for 1960-2012, the results well identify two regimes characterized as expansion and recession. Moreover, the results show that an expansionary monetary policy has a positive and statist...

BACKGROUND In the past decade, the United States has seen declining energy intakes and plateauing obesity levels. OBJECTIVE We examined whether these observed trends suggest a longer-term shift in dietary and health behavior that is independent of adverse economic conditions. DESIGN We used nationally representative cross-sectional surveys on intake and longitudinal household food purchase ...

While children's orientations to achievement are strong predictors of attainments, little is known about how parental economic hardship during recessionary times influences children's orientations to their futures. The Youth Development Study has followed a community sample of young people in St Paul, Minnesota from mid-adolescence through their mid-thirties with near-annual surveys, and has re...

Why have health care costs moderated in the last decade? Some have suggested that the Great Recession alone was the cause, but health expenditure growth in the depths of the recession was nearly identical to growth prior to the recession. Nor can the Affordable Care Act (ACA) take credit, since the slowdown began prior to its implementation. Instead, we identify three primary causes of the slow...

During the 1980s, the United States veered away from an entitlement health policy framework toward the unleashing of competitive forces in health insurance and services. In a health system as vast as the American system, disaggregating the multiple impacts of this revolutionary movement is no easy task. But competition has significantly altered the health care landscape in only five years, conf...

statement of problem: treatment of gingival recession defect and covering denuded root surfaces is one of the goals in periodontal therapy and several surgical techniques have been suggested in this field.purpose: the aim of this study was to perform a comparison on coronaliy repositioned flap procedure with and without the use of ethylenediaminoteraacetic acid (edta. 24%, ph=7) in the treatmen...

In just over a decade two global crises have created significant instability across the world and plunged many national economies into recession. While studies of HRM during economic downturns are limited, impact COVID-19 on employment adds impetus to debate. Though downsizing mass layoffs attract most attention, redundancies one potential response challenging conditions, various other adjustme...