An analysis of the chemical composition between 300 and 1000 TeV based on the uctuation of the shower maximum using data from the AIROBICC and scintillator array of the HEGRA installation is presented. Within the errors the composition is in agreement with the low energy composition over the whole energy range. The chemical composition beyond about 100 TeV will provide a decisive clue about cos...

In this paper, we extend the Maximum Likelihood (ML) training algorithm to the Minimum Classiica-tion Error (MCE) training algorithm for discriminatively estimating the state-dependent polynomial coeecients in the stochastic trajectory model or the trended HMM originally proposed in 2]. The main motivation of this extension is the new model space for smoothness-constrained, state-bound speech t...

[1] Understanding the phase relationship between climate changes in the Arctic and Antarctic regions is essential for our understanding of the dynamics of the Earth’s climate system. In this paper we show that the 20th century de‐ trended Arctic and Antarctic temperatures vary in anti‐phase seesaw pattern – when the Arctic warms the Antarctica cools and visa versa. This is the first time that a...

In this paper, we extend the maximum likelihood (ML) training algorithm to the minimum classification error (MCE) training algorithm for discriminatively estimating the state-dependent polynomial coefficients in the stochastic trajectory model or the trended hidden Markov model (HMM) originally proposed in [2]. The main motivation of this extension is the new model space for smoothness-constrai...

Monthly total cancer incidence rates for women and monthly thyroid cancer incidence rates for women were retrieved from the Cancer Registry of Norway for the period 1953-2000, that is, 246-1061 cases per month and a total of 331 196 cases, and 0-24 female thyroid cases per month, a total of 5045, during this half-century. De-trended fluctuation analysis ad modum Peng et al., briefly explained i...

This study, using wavelet-based method investigates the dynamics of long memory in the returns and volatility of equity markets. In the sample of five developed and five emerging markets we find that the daily return series from January 1988 to June 2013 may be considered as a mix of weak long memory and mean-reverting processes. In the case of volatility in the returns, there is evidence of lo...

Using annual data from 1997–2014 of 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, subdividing trended and cyclical volatility of macroeconomics and inflation, considering different indicators of financial development and financial structure, this paper investigated the impact of financial development and financial structure on macroeconomic volatility. The empirical results found that (...

Starting from the most general formulation of stochastic thermodynamics—i.e. a thermodynamically consistent nonautonomous stochastic dynamics describing systems in contact with several reservoirs—, we de€ne a procedure to identify the conservative and the minimal set of nonconservative contributions in the entropy production. Œe former is expressed as the di‚erence between changes caused by tim...