Symptom exacerbation due to stress is prevalent in many disease states, including functional disorders of the urinary bladder (e.g., overactive (OAB), interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS)); however, mechanisms underlying effects on micturition reflex function are unclear. In this study we designed and evaluated a stress-induced symptom (SISE) mouse model that demonstrates increa...

Background Despite children and young people (CYP) having a low risk for severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, there is still degree of uncertainty related to their in the context immunodeficiency or immunosuppression, primarily due significant reporting bias most studies, as CYP characteristically experience milder asymptomatic COVID-19 infection outcomes tend be overestimated. ...

In arthropods, periodic molting plays an important role in the growth, reproduction and morphogenesis. Periodic ecdysis is affected by a variety of environmental own factors, most which controlled concentration steroid hormones, ecdysone (Ecd) whose mainly active form 20-hydroxyecdysone(20E) hormone. Moreover, ecdysteroids play roles regulating development reproduction, CYP302al key enzyme bios...

A unique cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidoreductase (CPR) sustains activities of human microsomal CYPs. Its function requires toggling between a closed conformation enabling electron transfers from NADPH to FAD and then FMN cofactors open conformations forming complexes transferring electrons We previously demonstrated that distinct features the hinge region linking domain (FD) modulate conformer pos...

Nasal administration of a drug ensures therapeutic action by rapid systemic absorption and/or the entry of some molecules into the brain through different routes. Many recent studies have pointed out the presence of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat olfactory mucosa (OM). Nevertheless, very little is known about the precise identity of isoforms of CYP-dependent monooxygenases (CYP) and the...

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an alkylating agent, which is used in different diseases. It has several important side effects on ovaries. Tribulus terrestris extract (TTE) has different steroidal saponins and has been used for a long time as an aphrodisiac. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of TTE on the toxicity of CYP in the ovary of rats. Methods: For...

BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are mono-oxygenases that metabolize endogenous compounds, such as fatty acids and lipid signaling molecules, and furthermore have a role in metabolism of xenobiotics. In order to investigate the role of CYP genes in fat metabolism at the molecular level, four Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking functional CYP-35A1, CYP-35A2, CYP-35A4, and CYP-35A5 were char...

It is well established that spermatogenesis is controlled by gonadotrophins and testosterone. However, a role for estrogens in male reproduction recently was suggested in adult mice deficient in estrogen receptor alpha. These mice became infertile primarily because of an interruption of fluid reabsorption by the efferent ductules of the epididymis, thus leading to a disruption of the seminifero...