High-speed tracking of single particles is a gateway to understanding physical, chemical, and biological processes at the nanoscale. It is also a major experimental challenge, particularly for small, nanometer-scale particles. Although methods such as confocal or fluorescence microscopy offer both high spatial resolution and high signal-to-background ratios, the fluorescence emission lifetime l...

The multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteasome) is a highmolecular-mass (approximately 700 kDa) intracellular proteinase which has been isolated under a variety of different names from a wide variety of eukaryotic cells and tissues (reviewed, Rivett, 1989a; Orlowski, 1990). The proteinase complex is composed of at least 24 subunits which include many different polypeptides arranged in a cyli...

We describe a method to organize nanometer-sized hydrophilic particles into ordered arrays by templating them in the soft, micelle-crystal phases (spherical and cylindrical) of a thermoreversible block copolymer. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation is used to show that the dispersed particles (in this case, proteins or silica) form structured arrays by being constraine...

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is an attractive platform for quantum information and sensing applications because of its room temperature operation and optical addressability. A major research effort focuses on improving the quantum coherence of this defect in engineered micro- and nanoscale diamond particles (DPs), which could prove useful for high-resolution sensing in fluidic en...

A simple and precise size measurement device of microparticles in liquid has been developed by using a narrow gap between a cylindrical lens and a flat glass wall, in which the distance of the gap is precisely determined by the diffraction Moiré pattern of irradiated light. Two different methods to transfer the particles toward the center line of the lens, a hydrodynamic flow mode and an electr...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) normally assembles into particles of 100 to 120 nm in diameter by budding through the plasma membrane of the cell. The Gag polyprotein is the only viral protein that is required for the formation of these particles. We have used an in vitro assembly system to examine the assembly properties of purified, recombinant HIV-1 Gag protein and of Gag missing...

In rotating filtration, which is based on supercritical cylindrical Couette flow with a rotating porous inner cylinder, the motion of particles in the suspension depends on both centrifugal sedimentation and transport due to the vortical motion of Taylor vortices. We have simulated the motion of dilute, rigid, spherical particles in Taylor Couette flow using computational particle tracking in a...