PURPOSE We performed a prospective study of the changing profile of astigmatism in white school children in Northern Ireland. METHODS Of the 399 6- to 7-year-old and 669 12- to 13-year-old participants in Phase 1 of the Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction (NICER) study, 302 (76%) of the younger and 436 (65%) of the older cohort were re-examined three years later (Phase 2). Stratif...

Static refraction in children after the topical instillation of atropine twice a day during 3.5 days was compared with the refraction after a single instillation of one drop of 0.85% cyclopentolate + 1.5% phenylephrine in a randomized cross-over study. Atropine eye drops were applied by the parents at home, while the combination drop was applied by personnel at the eye clinic. Refraction was de...

Altogether 85 eyes from patients at risk to the development of closed-angle glaucoma were dilated with either parasympatholytic or sympathomimetic drugs. Of 21 eyes dilated with cyclopentolate 1/2%, 9 developed angle closure and a significantly raised pressure at some stage during dilatation and subsequent miosis. Of 58 eyes dilated with tropicamide 1/2%, 19 developed angle closure and a signif...

PURPOSE To investigate the effect of prior anesthesia on the time to full cycloplegia in young Chinese subjects. METHODS The amplitude of accommodation was monitored over a 50-minute interval after the application of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride with a pretreatment of 0.4% benoxinate (oxybuprocaine) or 0.9% saline solution (control). Using a nonlinear mathematical model, the rate of accomm...

Recent data indicate that under a specific posthypnotic suggestion to circumvent reading, highly suggestible subjects successfully eliminated the Stroop interference effect. The present study examined whether an optical explanation (e.g., visual blurring or looking away) could account for this finding. Using cyclopentolate hydrochloride eye drops to pharmacologically prevent visual accommodatio...

Cycloplegia is loss of the power of accommodation with inhibition of a ciliary muscle. We obtain in this way the smallest refraction of the lens and make it possible to determine the presence and size of the particular refractive error in cycloplegia by using cyclopentolate. Cyclopentolate is a synthetic anticholinergic drug and antagonist of the muscarine receptors. If applied in the eye, it b...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of cycloplegic mydriasis with 1% cyclopentolate and 1% tropicamide on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and refractive status of children for cycloplegic refraction and compare the [OP and refractive changes between hyperopic and myopic groups. METHODS This study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Ninety one children received cycloplegic mydriasis. The I...

Aim. To assess the effects of mydriatics commonly used in clinical practice on choroidal thickness and anterior chamber change. Methods. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study including a single eye of the participants. The subjects were assigned into 4 groups to receive tropicamide 1%, phenylephrine 2.5%, cyclopentolate 1%, and artificial tears. At the baseline, a...