We now know that from a functional standpoint, jointly determined ecological–economic systems (ecosystems) cycle over time. However, because this recognition has been recent, the ecological economics literature contains very few formal studies of the management of cyclical ecosystems. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to use renewal theory to examine two ways of analyzing the optimal...

What is the coherence of organisms? The organism is not a heat engine Energy storage in the living system-to equilibrate and not to equilibrate Energy storage over all space-time domains How is energy mobilized in living systems? The thermodynamics of symmetrically coupled flows The thermodynamics of cyclical flows Coupled energy flows are symmetrical and cyclical "Long-range energy continua" C...

this paper presents a new index of financial stress which is constructed by macro data from different financial markets (including banking sector and also housing, foreign exchange and stock markets). the proposed approach has been applied to the iranian economy based on the available quarterly time series, covering the period 1991(1)–2008(2). the paper explains how the selected components capt...

background: mastalgia is a common problem among women. severe mastalgia can have a negative impact on sexual, physical and sleep activities and behaviors. regarding the absence of a study on the prevalence and severity of mastalgia in southern iran, the current study was conducted.   methods: this is an analytical cross-sectional study. the participants were women who referred to health centers...