This paper investigates a consistent versions cwaS of sometimes inconsistent Reiter’s closed world assumption cwa, proving (theorem 4.3) that for every ∀-sentence φ and for every ∀-theory Σ, φ ∈ cwaS(Σ) iff Σ `min φ. A relativized version of this characterization (theorem 7.3) remains valid if not all relations are subject to minimization. Moreover, the paper relates cwaS to cwa and to Minker’s...

Requirements engineering is a fundamental component of systems engineering. This paper describes how, and where, cognitive engineering (specifically the Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) framework) could be applied in requirements engineering. We introduce an existing RE toolkit, the ι* modeling framework, and compare it with the CWA framework. The paper concludes with an outline of opportunities t...

The purpose of this paper is to compare three types of non-monotonic semantics: (a) proof-theoretic semantics based on the closed world assumption, (b) model-theoretic semantics based on the notion of a minimal model and (c) model-theoretic semantics based on the notion of a minimal Herbrand model. All of these semantics capture the non-monotonicity of common sense reasoning, i.e. the ability t...

We present a new analysis of Whitehouse, Maybery, and Durkin's (2006, Experiment 3) data on inner speech in children with autism (CWA). Because inner speech development is thought to depend on linguistically mediated social interaction, we hypothesized that children with both autism and a nonverbal > verbal (NV > V) skills profile would show the greatest inner speech impairment. CWA and typical...

The formation of inclusion complexes of the water-soluble p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes, where n = 4 or 6, with the Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) GD, or Soman, and commonly used dialkyl methylphosphonate simulants has been studied by experimental solution NMR methods and by Molecular Mechanics (MMFF) and semi-empirical (PM6) calculations. Complex formation in non-buffered and buffered solutions is d...

The design of new human machine systems, and the analysis of current human machine systems pose interesting dilemmas for the human factors specialist. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), (Vicente, 1999; Rasmussen, Pejtersen, & Goodstein, 1994) is an analytical framework for modeling both work environments and safe, flexible strategies workers can use to act upon this environment. CWA has proven to b...

Over 75,000 antitachycardia devices (ATDs) have been implanted since initial Food and Drug Adrninistra-tion approval in 1985 and have yielded dramatic survival rates. These devices, although life-saving, rely principally on simple measures of the heart rate for arrhythmia detection. The ATDs are highly sensitive, but their low specificity of diagnosis results in episodes of inappropriate therap...

evaporation of micro-liter drops from solid surfaces at room condition is mainly governed by diffusion. therefore, there should be no difference between evaporation rate of sessile and pendant drops. however, some studies indicate a difference and explain the difference using buoyancy. the objective here is to reconcile the inconsistency in the literature. for that, first, by comparing two iden...

This is the story of a recent U.S. Supreme Court case on the use of cost-benefit analysis at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for a regulation issued under the Clean Water Act (CWA). The case is Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper, Inc., et al. The case was not about the quality of the cost-benefit analysis, nor the fact that EPA conducted one, but whether EPA had CWA authority to base r...

Recently, in (Loyer & Straccia 2005) the Any-World Assumption (AWA) has been introduced for normal logic programs as a generalization of the well-known notions of Closed World Assumption (CWA) and the Open World Assumption (OWA). The AWA allows any assignment (i.e. interpretation), over a truth space (bilattice), to be a default assumption and, thus, the CWA and OWA are just special cases. Whil...