As different classes of sensory neurons project into the CNS, their axons segregate and establish distinct trajectories and target zones. One striking instance of axonal segregation is the projection of sensory neurons into the spinal cord, where proprioceptive axons avoid the superficial dorsal horn-the target zone of many cutaneous afferent fibers. PlexinA1 is a proprioceptive sensory axon-sp...

A 53-year-old woman with end-stage kidney failure from IgA nephropathy has been treated with haemodialysis for 14 years via the left forearm arteriovenous fistula (AVF). In August 2007, she developed an area of skin necrosis at the puncture site of AVF that was soon covered with a callus-like wrap. The puncture site was removed distally. In January 2008, a horn-like structure started to grow fr...

The spinal dorsal horn comprises heterogeneous populations of interneurons and projection neurons, which form neuronal circuits crucial for processing of primary sensory information. Although electrophysiological analyses have uncovered sensory stimulation-evoked neuronal activity of various spinal dorsal horn neurons, monitoring these activities from large ensembles of neurons is needed to obt...